CH12: PERSONALITY Flashcards
what is personality?
-sum of all of the ways of acting, thinking, and feeling
Øtypical for a person
Ømakes each person different from other individuals
what are the 4 way in which we can describe personality?
trait theory, humanistic, social learning and psychoanalytic
what is the trait theory?
-Describing consistencies, not explaining them
ØTrait: patterns of behavior (thinking, acting, and feeling) that are consistent across situations
what are the five factor model of personality according to the trait theory?
- provide a complete
description of our personalities
o Neuroticism (calm, relaxed etc.) o Extraversion (sociable, talkative etc.) o Openness (imaginative, creative etc.) o Agreeableness (soft-hearted, selfless etc.) o Conscientiousness (well-organized, careful etc.)
what is the psychoanalytic theory and the 3 levels of it
• Explaining how personality develops
ØThree levels of consciousness
o Conscious mind: Present awareness
o Preconscious mind: Material just beneath the surface of awareness, can easily be accessed
o The unconscious mind: Not accessible, stores primitive instinctual motives, repressed material
what are the 3 structures of the psychoanalytic theory?
o The id: inborn, unconscious, pleasure principle
• Obtain immediate pleasure and avoid pain
o The ego: reality principle, executive
• Find safe and realistic ways to satisfy id’s wishes
o The superego: moral inhibitions, standards of perfection
what are the 2 ways the ego achieves balance?
ØDisplacement: Directing aggressive feelings away from the primary object to somewhere safe
o Sublimation à socially desirable goal
ØIdentification: Incorporating the qualities of role models
what is the phallic stage?
- (3 to 6 years)
Ø Genitals become the primary source of pleasure
ØOedipus complex
o Unconscious sexual attraction to the mother
o Unconscious fear of the father à castration anxiety
o Repress desires for the mother and identify with the father
what is the humanistic theory?
• the tendency to improve and to determine lives
what is self-concept?
=our perception of who we are and what we are like
o The self: the person I think I am
o The ideal self: the person I wish I was
what are the problems with the self?
ØExcessive disagreement between the self
and the ideal self
ØAn inaccurate self-concept and denial of feelings
o Incongruent with one’s view of self o Incongruent with societal standards
what is self actualisation?
ØA high level of moral development and concerned with welfare of others ØCommitted to some cause or task
ØNot dependent on other’s approval
ØA positive view about life
ØSpontaneous and natural in their actions and feelings
what is the social learning theory?
• Personality is the sum total of all the ways we have learned to act, think, and feel
ØClassical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling
ØAdequate learning environment
o Good role models
o Reinforcement of appropriate behavior
ØReciprocal determination
o People playing an active role in future learning experiences
what are 2 learned cognition?
Self-efficacy and Self-regulation
what is the definition of Self-efficacy?
The perception of being capable of achieving one’s goals
