CH:11 MOTIVATION Flashcards
what is motivation and the 2 types of motivation?
an internal state that activates and give direction to feelings, thoughts and actions
-primary motives and psychological motives
what are primary motives?
-motives for things that are necessary for our survival
-originate from biological needs
(food, sleep, water)
where do primary motives originate from and how is it regulated?
-originate from the body’s needs to maintain a certain level of essential life elements. -regulated by the homeostatic mechanisms
what are the homeostatic mechanisms?
body mechanisms that sense biological imbalances and stimulate actions to restore the balance
what does the hypothalamus do?
- it plays a role in regulating food and water intake.
- two control systems:
- food intake- feeding system+ satiety system
-water intake: drinking system+ stop drinking system
what are incentives
external cues that activate motives
what are psychological motives and the types?
motives for things that are necessary for out well-being and happiness.
- stimulus motivation
- affiliation motivation
- achievement motivation
what is stimulus motivation?
inborn motive to seek stimulation and new experiences and maintain optimal level of arousal
ex= silence-music
what is arousal?
overall state of alertness
what is the Yerkes-Dodson Law and what is it related to?
- related to Stimulus motivation.
- states that optimal level of arousal is associated with high performance.
- too high/low- low performance
- optimal level of alertness-high performance
what does the affiliation motivation mean?
- the motive to be with other people and to have personal relationships
- related to inborn/learned
- increases when in need/anxious
- associated with better psychological adjustment
what does the achievement motivation mean?
the motive to succeed at school, at work or other domains of life.
what are the 3 aspects of achievement motivation?
- mastery goals= learn new information–high enjoyment
- peformance-approach goals= get high grade to get respect
- performace-avoudance goals= avoid getting low grades to avoid looking unintelligent- low enjoyment
which theory explains how we learn new motives and what does it entail?
opponent-process theory of motivation= the learning of new motives based on changes over time in contrasting feelings
what are the 4 aggressive motivation theories
- freud’s instinct theory
- frustration-aggression theory
- social learning theory
- cognitive theory
what does Freud’s instinct theory mean?
-aggression is caused by an inborn instinct
what is catharsis?
- the process of releasing instinctual energy
- non violent ways: competition and aggressive films
what does the frustration-aggression theory entail?
- aggression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motives or in response to events
- inborn potential triggered by external events
what does the social learning theory entail?
- agrression is learned: watching other, witnessing violence
- cthartic activities increase aggression, rather than decrease it
what does the cognitive theory entail?
-the cause of aggression is our beliefs
by:
-superiority= the belief that one group is superior to the other
-distrust= othe regroups are hostile and intent on harming
-helplessness= problems cannot be solved through peaceful negotiation
how is extrinsic motivation activated?
-is activated by external reward
ex= doing homework for money
how is intrinsic motivation activated?
-activated by the inherent nature of the activity or its natural consequences
ex= solving puzzles for enjoyment
what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
-basic needs should be satisfied first before higher order needs become active/
1= biological needs= food, water
2= safety needs= security, safety
3=belongliness and love needs= intimate relationships
3= self esteem= acceptance of yourself
5= self actualisation= drive to two, improve and use your potential to the fullest
