CH:11 MOTIVATION

Question 1

what is motivation and the 2 types of motivation?

Answer 1

an internal state that activates and give direction to feelings, thoughts and actions
-primary motives and psychological motives

Question 2

what are primary motives?

Answer 2

-motives for things that are necessary for our survival
-originate from biological needs
(food, sleep, water)

Question 3

where do primary motives originate from and how is it regulated?

Answer 3

-originate from the body’s needs to maintain a certain level of essential life elements. -regulated by the homeostatic mechanisms

Question 4

what are the homeostatic mechanisms?

Answer 4

body mechanisms that sense biological imbalances and stimulate actions to restore the balance

Question 5

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 5

• it plays a role in regulating food and water intake.
• two control systems:
• food intake- feeding system+ satiety system

-water intake: drinking system+ stop drinking system

Question 6

what are incentives

Answer 6

external cues that activate motives

Question 7

what are psychological motives and the types?

Answer 7

motives for things that are necessary for out well-being and happiness.

• stimulus motivation
• affiliation motivation
• achievement motivation

Question 8

what is stimulus motivation?

Answer 8

inborn motive to seek stimulation and new experiences and maintain optimal level of arousal
ex= silence-music

Question 9

what is arousal?

Answer 9

overall state of alertness

Question 10

what is the Yerkes-Dodson Law and what is it related to?

Answer 10

• related to Stimulus motivation.
• states that optimal level of arousal is associated with high performance.
• too high/low- low performance
• optimal level of alertness-high performance

Question 11

what does the affiliation motivation mean?

Answer 11

• the motive to be with other people and to have personal relationships
• related to inborn/learned
• increases when in need/anxious
• associated with better psychological adjustment

Question 12

what does the achievement motivation mean?

Answer 12

the motive to succeed at school, at work or other domains of life.

Question 13

what are the 3 aspects of achievement motivation?

Answer 13

• mastery goals= learn new information–high enjoyment
• peformance-approach goals= get high grade to get respect
• performace-avoudance goals= avoid getting low grades to avoid looking unintelligent- low enjoyment

Question 14

which theory explains how we learn new motives and what does it entail?

Answer 14

opponent-process theory of motivation= the learning of new motives based on changes over time in contrasting feelings

Question 15

what are the 4 aggressive motivation theories

Answer 15

• freud’s instinct theory
• frustration-aggression theory
• social learning theory
• cognitive theory

Question 16

what does Freud’s instinct theory mean?

Answer 16

-aggression is caused by an inborn instinct

Question 17

what is catharsis?

Answer 17

• the process of releasing instinctual energy

- non violent ways: competition and aggressive films

Question 18

what does the frustration-aggression theory entail?

Answer 18

• aggression is a natural reaction to the frustration of important motives or in response to events
• inborn potential triggered by external events

Question 19

what does the social learning theory entail?

Answer 19

• agrression is learned: watching other, witnessing violence
• cthartic activities increase aggression, rather than decrease it

Question 20

what does the cognitive theory entail?

Answer 20

-the cause of aggression is our beliefs
by:
-superiority= the belief that one group is superior to the other
-distrust= othe regroups are hostile and intent on harming
-helplessness= problems cannot be solved through peaceful negotiation

Question 21

how is extrinsic motivation activated?

Answer 21

-is activated by external reward

ex= doing homework for money

Question 22

how is intrinsic motivation activated?

Answer 22

-activated by the inherent nature of the activity or its natural consequences
ex= solving puzzles for enjoyment

Question 23

what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 23

-basic needs should be satisfied first before higher order needs become active/
1= biological needs= food, water
2= safety needs= security, safety
3=belongliness and love needs= intimate relationships
3= self esteem= acceptance of yourself
5= self actualisation= drive to two, improve and use your potential to the fullest