CH.9 : Altered Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Arterial pH <7.35 = _____

Arterial pH >7.45 = ______

Answer 1

▫️acidosis

▫️alkalosis

Question 2

3 main mechanisms of control of serum pH

Answer 2

▫️buffer pairs

▫️respiratory system

▫️kidneys

Question 3

Plasma buffer systems:

Answer 3

▫️sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
▫️protein buffers
▫️potassium-hydrogen exchange

Question 4

Is the majors ECF buffer

It is controlled by the respiratory system and the kidneys

Answer 4

Sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

Question 5

Plasma protein buffers are:

Answer 5

▫️phosphate
▫️hemoglobin
▫️protein - various of these can pick up H+ from the blood
Can gain or release hydrogen easily

Question 6

is an ionic exchange of H+ and K+ across the cell membrane

Answer 6

Potassium-hydrogen exchange

Question 7

These buffer contributes to CO2 regulation

Answer 7

▫️Respiratory Buffer System

Question 8

Renal buffer system is the regulation of:

Answer 8

▫️hydrogen elimination/ bicarbonate conservation
▫️tubular buffer systems (phosphate, ammonia- allows for excess acids to be eliminated in urine)
▫️potassium-hydrogen exchange (direct cation exchange)
▫️chloride-bicarbonate exchange (direct anion exchange)

Question 9

To maintain a homeostatic blood pH, ratio of HCO3- : H2CO3 must be:

Answer 9

20 : 1

Question 10

▫️It Is caused by an excessive loss of bicarbonate ions to buffer hydrogen
▫️⬆️production of acids caused by fasting, ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis
▫️renal disease or failure leading to ⬇️ excretion of acids or ⬇️ production of bicarbonate ions
▫️⬆️in chloride caused by excessive reabsorption from kidneys

Answer 10

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 11

In _______ acidosis, hyperventilation helps maintain carbonic acid in order to restore acid-base balance.

Answer 11

Metabolic acidosis

Question 12

In _______ acidosis, kidney excrete more H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-

Answer 12

Respiratory acidosis

Question 13

_______ alkalosis- due to hyperventilation
▫️caused by anxiety, high fever, overdose of aspirin
▫️head injuries
▫️pregnancy
▫️onset of asthma attack

Answer 13

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 14

_______ Alkalosis- increase in serum bicarbonate ions.
▫️loss of HCL from stomach from vomiting (causing loss of H+ and Cl-)
▫️hypokalemia
▫️excessive ingestion of antacids

Answer 14

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

Effects of alkalosis- ⬆️ irritability of the nervous system

Answer 15

▫️restlessness, muscle twitching
▫️tingling and numbness of the fingers
▫️Tetany, seizures, coma

Question 16

To compensation in metabolic alkalosis, _______ helps restore acid-base balance.

Answer 16

Hypoventilation

Question 17

to compensate respiratory alkalosis, kidney excrete _______

Answer 17

less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-