Ch4 - Altered Immunity Flashcards
Group of inactive proteins circulating in blood (C1 to C9)
Help destroys pathogens in the body as well as enhances phagocytosis, chemotaxis and the inflammatory response.
Complement system
Complement system destroy microorganisms by two ways:
- Mark cells for phagocytosis
2. Lysis due to cell membrane damage
A lymphocytes that patrol the blood and lymph.
▫️able to kill foreign cells, cancer cells, virus-infected cells without activation of the 3rd line of defense
🔺Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Main components involved in immunity:
- antibodies and antigens
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes
Markers that can induce an immune response (also known as an immunogens [lg]
Antigens
A specific mechanism for identification and removal of foreign material:
▫️immune cells
▫️lymphocytes
▫️macrophages
All immune cells originate from:
▫️bone marrow
_____ and ____ has role in the maturation of the cells
▫️bone marrow
▫️thymus
The primary cell in the immune response is the
have a specific function of recognizing and reacting with antigens in the body.
Lymphocytes
termed immune competent cells
this immunity develops when T lymphocytes w protein receptors on the cell surface recognizes antigens on the surface of target cells and directly destroy the invading antigens
Cell-mediated immunity
T-cells are primary effective against:
Viruses, fungal and protozoal infections, cancer cells and foreign cells such as transplants
Two subgroup of T cells works as marker s in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
These are important in T-cell activation
▫️T helper cells “CD4” - receptor in cell membrane that regulates all cells in immune system
▫️Killer T cells “CD8” -primarily cytotoxic
Cell responsible for humoral immunity through production of antibodies or immunoglobulins
Acts primarily against Bacteria
B Cells
these are lymphocytes distinct from T and B lymphocytes. They destroy, w/o any prior exposure and sensitization, tumor cells and cells infected by virus
Natural killer cells
Efficient, rapid antibody response to subsequent antigen recognition
🗯this is how immunization/vaccines work
Memory cells
Secretion of antibody/immunoglobulin (lg)
Plasma Cells
Specific cellular antigen destruction
▫️become activated to antigens that are found usually on body cells infected with virus or transformed by cancer
Cytotoxic T cell (CD8)
Activation of antigen-specific T cell
Secretes cytokines
🔺critical when turned off..HIV destroys T helper cells. Immunosuppression thru chemotherapy shuts down immune system.
Helper T cell (CD4)
also known as immunogens (lg)
Antigen - markers that can induce an immune response
free wander in tissue looking for foreign invaders. First thing in the immune system response
▫️secretes cytokines to activate T and B cells
▫️can destroy virus-infected cells or tumour cells when appropriately stimulated by T-cells
▫️act as antigen presenting cells
Macrophages
Activation of lymphocytes occur by exposure to ______ antigens
Non-self
Cell-mediated immunity (attack on infected cells)
transfer toxin to the affected cell and kill it off
Cytotoxic (killer) Cells
Humoral immunity (secretion of antibodies by plasma cells)
Secretes the antibody by plasma cells which binds to antigen
▫️does not secrete different types of antibodies usually secretes one antibody and bind to a matched antigen. complement protein does lysis
B cells
Bone marrow stem cell
Lymphoblasts
The surface receptor on T cells recognizes antigens that are “self” and “non self”, and directly bind to ______ antigens to destroy them
non self
Types of T Lymphocytes
- T helper cells
- T cytotoxic Cells
- T suppressor Cells
- T memory cells
Release cytokines that will suppress the activity of B cells and other T cells when antigen has been inactivated or destroyed.
Sometimes called T-regulator
T Suppressor Cells
Two types of responses occur in the development of humoral immunity:
- Primary response: 1st antigen exposure. Lag period (1-2 wks)
- Secondary response: some activated B cells produce memory cells
Acquired Immunity types
▫️ Natural active -
▫️artificial active -
▫️natural passive -
▫️artificial passive -
