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Pathophysiology for PN > Ch4 - Altered Immunity > Flashcards

Ch4 - Altered Immunity Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

Group of inactive proteins circulating in blood (C1 to C9)

Help destroys pathogens in the body as well as enhances phagocytosis, chemotaxis and the inflammatory response.

A

Complement system

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2
Q

Complement system destroy microorganisms by two ways:

A
  1. Mark cells for phagocytosis

2. Lysis due to cell membrane damage

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3
Q

A lymphocytes that patrol the blood and lymph.

▫️able to kill foreign cells, cancer cells, virus-infected cells without activation of the 3rd line of defense

A

🔺Natural Killer (NK) Cells

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4
Q

Main components involved in immunity:

A
  1. antibodies and antigens
  2. Macrophages
  3. Lymphocytes
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5
Q

Markers that can induce an immune response (also known as an immunogens [lg]

A

Antigens

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6
Q

A specific mechanism for identification and removal of foreign material:

A

▫️immune cells
▫️lymphocytes
▫️macrophages

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7
Q

All immune cells originate from:

A

▫️bone marrow

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8
Q

_____ and ____ has role in the maturation of the cells

A

▫️bone marrow

▫️thymus

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9
Q

The primary cell in the immune response is the

have a specific function of recognizing and reacting with antigens in the body.

A

Lymphocytes

termed immune competent cells

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10
Q

this immunity develops when T lymphocytes w protein receptors on the cell surface recognizes antigens on the surface of target cells and directly destroy the invading antigens

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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11
Q

T-cells are primary effective against:

A

Viruses, fungal and protozoal infections, cancer cells and foreign cells such as transplants

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12
Q

Two subgroup of T cells works as marker s in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
These are important in T-cell activation

A

▫️T helper cells “CD4” - receptor in cell membrane that regulates all cells in immune system
▫️Killer T cells “CD8” -primarily cytotoxic

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13
Q

Cell responsible for humoral immunity through production of antibodies or immunoglobulins

Acts primarily against Bacteria

A

B Cells

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14
Q

these are lymphocytes distinct from T and B lymphocytes. They destroy, w/o any prior exposure and sensitization, tumor cells and cells infected by virus

A

Natural killer cells

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15
Q

Efficient, rapid antibody response to subsequent antigen recognition

🗯this is how immunization/vaccines work

A

Memory cells

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16
Q

Secretion of antibody/immunoglobulin (lg)

A

Plasma Cells

17
Q

Specific cellular antigen destruction

▫️become activated to antigens that are found usually on body cells infected with virus or transformed by cancer

A

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8)

18
Q

Activation of antigen-specific T cell

Secretes cytokines

🔺critical when turned off..HIV destroys T helper cells. Immunosuppression thru chemotherapy shuts down immune system.

A

Helper T cell (CD4)

19
Q

also known as immunogens (lg)

A

Antigen - markers that can induce an immune response

20
Q

free wander in tissue looking for foreign invaders. First thing in the immune system response
▫️secretes cytokines to activate T and B cells
▫️can destroy virus-infected cells or tumour cells when appropriately stimulated by T-cells
▫️act as antigen presenting cells

A

Macrophages

21
Q

Activation of lymphocytes occur by exposure to ______ antigens

A

Non-self

22
Q

Cell-mediated immunity (attack on infected cells)

transfer toxin to the affected cell and kill it off

A

Cytotoxic (killer) Cells

23
Q

Humoral immunity (secretion of antibodies by plasma cells)

Secretes the antibody by plasma cells which binds to antigen

▫️does not secrete different types of antibodies usually secretes one antibody and bind to a matched antigen. complement protein does lysis

A

B cells

24
Q

Bone marrow stem cell

A

Lymphoblasts

25
Q

The surface receptor on T cells recognizes antigens that are “self” and “non self”, and directly bind to ______ antigens to destroy them

A

non self

26
Q

Types of T Lymphocytes

A
  1. T helper cells
  2. T cytotoxic Cells
  3. T suppressor Cells
  4. T memory cells
27
Q

Release cytokines that will suppress the activity of B cells and other T cells when antigen has been inactivated or destroyed.

Sometimes called T-regulator

A

T Suppressor Cells

28
Q

Two types of responses occur in the development of humoral immunity:

A
  1. Primary response: 1st antigen exposure. Lag period (1-2 wks)
  2. Secondary response: some activated B cells produce memory cells
29
Q

Acquired Immunity types

A

▫️ Natural active -

▫️artificial active -

▫️natural passive -

▫️artificial passive -

Pathophysiology for PN (14 decks)

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