Ch.1 Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards
A study of the changes in anatomy (structure) that occur in organs, tissues and cells because of injury or disease.
Pathology
A study of the changes in functions of organs, systems, or the body. It explains the processes that result in the development of the disease, signs and symptoms.
Pathophysiology
A dysfunctional change in the ability of cells / tissues / organ systems.
Disease
Characteristic combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular state.
Syndrome
Physical, mental, and well-being
Health
A state of suffering or distress
Illness
Values occur within a range of values and may vary depending on technology used for measurement
“Normal”
Health indicators adjustments due to:
🔹age 🔹gender 🔹 genetic 🔹 environment 🔹 activity level
Sequence of events in the response of cells and tissue to a stimulus/pathogen starting from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of disease
Pathogenesis
Pathogeneses comprised of:
- Risk factor
- Precipitating factor
- Ethology
- Mechanism, progression, and resolution of disease
Risk factors include both:
Modifiable and non-modifiable
________ are triggers that promote the manifestations (sign and symptoms) of the disease.
Precipitating Factors
Examples of precipitating factors are:
▪️dust, animals as allergens
▪️smoking for asthmatic
▪️stress for those with CV
▪️poor nutrition for diabetes
____ is cause of disease
Etiology
_____ causes : due to inside factors
Intrinsic causes
I.e. congenital defects, genetic disorders, immune dysfunction
_______ causes: due to outside factors
Extrinsic causes
I.e. Trauma, burns, radiation, poisons, alcohols, bacteria, viruses, worms, insects, nutritional excess or deficit
Initial damage that produces effects on the body
Onset of a disease
typically a sudden onset that lasts a short period of time, followed by full resolution
Acute diseases
Typically a gradual (insidious) onset where a signs are vague or mild. (ex. Hepatitis)
🔘typically accompanied by periods of
remission and exacerbation
Chronic diseases
Analysis of signs and symptoms coupled with a consideration of the pathogeneses leading to the identification of the patient’s disease
Diagnosis
Defines the probability of recovery
Prognosis
Probability for a reduced quality of life
Morbidity
Probability of death
Mortality
The study of disease in population
Epidemiology
Probability that a disease will occur (ex. 1 in 5)
Incidence
Number of percentage of a population with a disease (ex. 500,000 or 20%)
Prevalence
a stable incidence and prevalence within a given population
Endemic
A large rise in incidence or prevalence w/n a given population
Epidemic
A spread of an epidemic across continents
Pandemic
