Ch.8 Water and Minerals

Question 1

dehydration

Answer 1

A state that occurs when not enough water is present to meet the body’s needs.

Question 2

blood pressure

Answer 2

The amount of force exerted by the blood against the walls of arteries.

Question 3

water intoxication

Answer 3

A condition that occurs when a person drinks enough water to significantly lower the concentration of sodium in the blood.

Question 4

diuretic

Answer 4

A substance that increases the amount of urine passes from the body.

Question 5

minerals

Answer 5

In nutrition, elements needed by the body in small amounts to maintain structure and regulate chemical reactions and body processes.

Question 6

major minerals

Answer 6

Minerals that are required in the diets in amounts greater than 100mg/d or are present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.

Question 7

trace minerals

Answer 7

Minerals required in the diets in amounts of 100mg/d or less or present in the body in amounts of 0.01% of body weight or less.

Question 8

cofactors

Answer 8

Inorganic ions or coenzymes that are requires for enzyme activity.

Question 9

electrolytes

Answer 9

Positively and negatively charged ions that conduct an electrical current in solution. Commonly refers to sodium, potassium, and chloride.

Question 10

hypertension

Answer 10

Blood pressure that is consistently elevated to 140/90mm mercury or greater.

Question 11

bone remodelling

Answer 11

A continuous process in which small amounts of bone are removed and replaced by new bone.

Question 12

peak bone mass

Answer 12

The maximum bone density attained at any time in life, usually occurring in young adulthood.

Question 13

osteoporosis

Answer 13

A bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, increased bone fragility, and increased risk of fractures.

Question 14

age-related bone loss

Answer 14

The bone loss that occurs in both men and women as they advanced in age.

Question 15

menopause

Answer 15

The time in a woman’s life when the menstrual cycle ends.

Question 16

postmenopausal bone loss

Answer 16

The accelerated bone loss that occurs in women for about five years after the menstrual cycle stops.

Question 17

heme iron

Answer 17

A readily absorbable form of iron that is chemically associated with certain proteins and is found in meat, fish, and poultry.

Question 18

hemochromatosis

Answer 18

An inherited disorder that results in creased iron absorption.

Question 19

glutathione peroxidase

Answer 19

A selenium containing enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing peroxides.

Question 20

cretinism

Answer 20

A condition resulting from poor maternal iodine intake during pregnancy that impairs mental development and growth in the offspring.

Question 21

iodized salt

Answer 21

Table slt to which a small amount of sodium iodine or potassium iodide has been added for the purpose of supplementing the iodine content of the diet.

Question 22

fluorosis

Answer 22

A condition caused by chronic overconsumption of fluoride, characterized by black and brown stains and cracking and pitting of the teeth.