Ch.5 Lipids: Oils, Fats, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Question 1

lipids

Answer 1

A group of organic molecules. most of which do not dissolve in water. They include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Question 2

triglycerides

Answer 2

The major form of lipids in food and the body; consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

Question 3

phospholipids

Answer 3

Types of lipids whose structure includes a phosphorus atom.

Question 4

sterols

Answer 4

Types of lipids with a structure composed of multiple chemical rings.

Question 5

saturated fatty acid

Answer 5

A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible; it therefore contains no c-c double bonds.

Question 6

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 6

A fatty acid that contains one or more c-c double bonds; may be either monounsaturated or poly unsaturated.

Question 7

essential fatty acids (EFAs)

Answer 7

Fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be made by the body or cannot be made in sufficient quantities to meet needs.

Question 8

eicosanoids

Answer 8

Regulatory molecules that can be synthesised from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 9

hydrogenation

Answer 9

A process whereby hydrogen atoms are added to the c-c double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids, making them more saturated.

Question 10

cholesterol

Answer 10

A sterol, produced by the liver and consumed in the diet, which is needed to build cell membranes and make hormones and other essential molecules.

Question 11

micelles

Answer 11

Particles that are formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile. They are an aggregation of lipid molecules as a droplet that facilitates the absorption of lipids.

Question 12

liboproteins

Answer 12

Particles that transport lipids in the blood.

Question 13

chylomicrons

Answer 13

Liboproteins that transport lipids from the mucosal cells of the small intestine and deliver triglycerides to other body cells.

Question 14

low-density liboproteins (LDLs)

Answer 14

Liboproteins that transport cholesterol to cells. They are not consumed from the diet; that are made by the body.

Question 15

high-density liboproteins (HDLs)

Answer 15

Liboproteins that pick up cholesterol from cells and transport it to liver so that it can be eliminated from the body. They are not consumed from the diet; they are made by the body.

Question 16

atherosclerosis

Answer 16

A type of cardiovascular disease that involves the buildup of fatty material in the artery walls.

Question 17

atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 17

Cholesterol-rich material that is deposited in the arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis. It consists of cholesterol, smooth muscle cells, fibrous tissue, and eventually calcium.