Ch.8 Food Addictive Ans Its Impact

Question 1

Type of addictive

Answer 1

1. Colourings
2. Preservatives
3. Flavourings
4. Antioxidants
5. Emulsifiers and stabilisers
6. Acids and bases
7. Sweeteners

Question 2

Purpose and examples of colourings

Answer 2

Purpose:
Improve colour

E.g.
Tartrazine added to sweets

Question 3

Purpose and examples of preservatives

Answer 3

Purpose : preserve food to prevent food decay

E.g.
Benzoic acid added to beer, sauce and jam

Question 4

Purpose and examples of sweetener

Answer 4

Purpose:
Sweeten food without using sugar

E.g.
Sorbitol added to diabetic drinks and sweets

Question 5

What is E number from the ingredient list

Answer 5

The addictive is on the allowed list of addictive which are safe according to European standard

Question 6

Features and examples of stabilizer

Answer 6

1. Provide consistency and texture to many food
2. Water holding substances added to stabilise or thicken foods by absorbing some of the water present in foods

E.g.

1. Starch
2. Gelatin 明膠 （extract from the collagen inside animal’s connective tissue)
3. Pectin 果膠 (soluble fiber)

Question 7

Features and examples of Emulsifiers

Answer 7

1. Maintain and improve texture and consistency in a variety of food

E.g. Lecithin maintains a uniform dispersion by keeping water and oil fractions of a mixture together and it prevents crystalline formation in ice-cream

Question 8

Features and examples of antioxidants

Answer 8

Function:

1. To prevent fat rancidity in foods
2. To prevent browning of food by enzymes

E.g.

1. Vitamin E
2. BHA
3. Red wine antioxidants: tannis, anthocyanin, flavonols, resveratrol

Question 9

Features and examples of artificial sweeteners

Answer 9

1. Low calories

E.g.

1. Saccharine
2. Xylitol
3. Aspartame
4. Acesulfame

Question 10

Features and examples of chemical preservatives

Answer 10

Function:

1. Dehydrating agents
   - > remove water from the cells of any living matters
2. Poison for bacteria

E.g. 
Sulphur dioxide 
BHA
Sodium chloride
Vitamin E

Question 12

Features and examples of flavour enhancer (msg)

Answer 12

1. A sodium salt of glutamate
2. Glutamate is found naturally in many food
3. Glutamate produced by the body and is needed for metabolism and brain function

Question 13

Effects of consuming msg

Answer 13

1. Digestive disorder (e.g. Diarrhoea 腹瀉）
2. Nervous disorder (e.g. Insomnia)
3. Respiratory problems (e.g. Asthma)
4. Skin problems (e.g. itching)

Question 14

Features of indirect food additives

Answer 14

1. Indirect or incidental additives find their way into foods during harvesting, production, processing , storage or packaging
2. May include tiny bits of plastic glass paper, tin, and other substances from processing, such as the solvent used to decaffeinate coffee

Question 15

Examples of indirect food additives

Answer 15

1. Acrylamide
2. Food packaging
3. Dioxins
4. Decaffeinate coffee
5. Hormones
6. Antibiotics

Question 16

What is acrylamide? Effects ？

Answer 16

1. A compound that forms when carbohydrate rich foods containing sugars and the amino acid asparagine are cooked at high temperatures
2. May causes cancer in animals and nerve damage in people

Question 17

Food packaging

Answer 17

Access whether packaging materials might migrate into foods

Question 18

Effects of antibiotics?

Answer 18

1. Give to livestock
   - > residues may remain in the meats and milk
   - > people consuming these foods receive tiny does of antibiotics regularly
   - > people with sensitivity to antibiotics may suffer allergic reaction

Question 19

Examples of food colouring induce health problems

Answer 19

1. Allergic reaction
2. Hyperactivity in children
3. Cancer
   E.g. Colon cancer, stomach cancer