Ch.5 Contemporary Health Issues

Question 1

Sliming product in the market

Answer 1

Sibutramine 西布曲明

- Has been removed from the market for safety reason

Question 2

Effects of Sibutramine

Answer 2

1. Substantially in blood pressure in some patients
2. May present a significant risk for patients with history of coronary artery disease, congestion heart failure, arrhythmia , stroke
3. May also interact with other medications

Question 3

Types of functional foods

Answer 3

1. Conventional foods
   E.g. Grains, fruits, vegetables and nuts
2. Modified foods
   E.g. Yogurt, cereals and orange juice
3. Medical foods
   E.g. Special formulations of foods and beverages for certain health condition
4. Food for special dietary use
   E.g. Infant formula and hypoallergenic foods

Question 4

Examples of functional foods (認得係邊度搵）

Answer 4

1. Allium vegetables
   (Garlic, onions,chives, leeks)
   Phytochemical: Allyl sulfides
2. Cruciferous vegetables
   (Broccoli, onions, chives,leeks)
   Phytochemical: Indoles
3. Sola across vegetables
   (Tomatoes, peppers)
   Phytochemical: Lycopene
4. Umbelliferous vegetables
   (Carrots, celery, cilantro, parsley, parsnips)
   Phytochemical: Carotenoids

Question 5

Functional food ingredients: Animal sources, fish

Answer 5

1. Omega 3 fatty acids
2. Polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil
3. Essential fatty acids might help reduce heart diseases

Question 6

Functional food ingredients: vegetable source: Oats

Answer 6

1. Oats燕麥
Ingredient: soluble dietary fiber
Health benefits：
Reduce total and LDL cholesterol 
-> reduce the risk of coronary heart disease

Question 7

Functional food ingredients: vegetable source: Tomatoes

Answer 7

2. Tomatoes
   Ingredient: iycopene ( antioxidant)
   Health benefits:
   Reduce the risk of prostate and stomach cancers

Question 8

Functional food ingredients: vegetable source: Tea

Answer 8

3. Tea
   Ingredient: Polyphenols ( e.g. Catechins)
   Health benefits:
   Reduce the risk of stomach cancer

Question 9

Functional food ingredients: vegetable source: Garlic

Answer 9

Ingredient: allium sulfides
Health benefits:
Reduce their risk of stomach and colon cancer

Question 10

Functional food ingredients: vegetable source: Soy products

Answer 10

Ingredient: Isoflavones
Health benefits:
-Reduce the risk of breast cancer
-Reduce the size of LDL cholesterol

Question 11

Fashion diets are weight control diet

Answer 11

Many young women follow to achieve the fashion of thinness

-> increase in the incidence of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia

Question 12

Fed diet

Answer 12

1. Refers to the diets and eating part that promote short term weight loss, usually with no concern for long term weight loss, usually with no concern for long term weight maintenance, and enjoy temporarily popularity
2. Non traditional methods of weight loss
   E.g. Low carbohydrate diets

Question 13

What is Dr. Atkin ‘s diet

Answer 13

Limited consumption of carbohydrates to switch the body ‘s metabolism from metabolising glucose as energy over to converting stores body fat to energy

Question 14

Health problems caused by fashion diets

Answer 14

1. Dehydration
2. Weakness and fatigue
3. Nausea and headaches
4. Constipation
5. Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake
   - > unbalanced diets often cut out key foods

Question 15

What is very high protein diet?

Answer 15

1. The diets are nutritionally unbalanced and excessively high in protein, fat, saturated fat and cholesterol
2. Relies on the fact that reducing carbohydrate intake

Question 16

Long term health risk for very high protein diet?

Answer 16

1. High cholesterol
   - > heart disease
2. Kidney problem in people with impaired kidney function or diabetes
3. Liver problems
4. Loss of bone mineral content