CH.8 Equilibria Flashcards
Characteristics of equilibrium
it is dynamic
the forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate
the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant at equilibrium
it requires a closed system
Le Chatelier’s principle
if one or more factors that affect a dynamic equilibrium is changed, the positon of equilibrium moves to minimise this change.
the equilibrium constant, Kc or Kp
a constant calculated from the equilibrium expression for a reaction. It can be in terms of concentrations, Kc or partial pressure, Kp
effect on Kc when the reaction is endothermic and the temperature rises
Kc value increases with an increase in temperature
effect on Kc when the reaction is exothermic and the temperature rises
Kc value decreases with an increase in temperature
partial pressure
the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of non-reacting gases (notebook)
write the equation for the Haber process
pg.189
write the equation for the contact process
pg.190
what is an acid?
a proton, H+ ion, donor
what is a base?
a proton, H+ ion, acceptor
degree of dissociation
the extent to which a molecule of an acid ionises in a solvent to produce H+ ions or the extent to which a base produces OH- ions in a solevnt
what are strong acids and bases
acid and bases which dissociate completely in a solution
weak acid and bases
acid and bases which dissociate partially in solution
acid-base indicator
a compound that has two different ranges of colours depending on the pH of the solution in which it is placed. It changes colour over a narrow range of pH values
methyl orange pH range, colour at low pH and high pH
3.2-4.4
low pH- red
high pH- yellow
