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as-level chemistry > CH.17 Alcohols, esters and carboxylic acids > Flashcards

CH.17 Alcohols, esters and carboxylic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

conditions, product and equation for
electrophilic addition of steam to an alkene

A

concentrated phosphoric (V) acid catalyst
ethanol

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2
Q

conditions, product and equation for
oxidation of alkenes to form an alcohol

A

cold, dilute, acidified, potassium manganate (VII)
diol

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3
Q

conditions, product and equation for
nucleophilic substitution of a halogenoalkane

A

heated with NaOH
alcohol and Na’halogen’ ex, NaBr

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4
Q

conditions, product and equation for
reduction of an aldehyde

A

reducing agents like NaBH4 or LiAlH4
primary alcohol

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5
Q

conditions, product and equation for
reduction of a ketone

A

reducing agents like NaBH4 or LiAlH4
secondary alcohol

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6
Q

conditions, product and equation for
reduction of a carboxylic acid

A

reducing agent LiAlH4
or H2/Ni and heat
alcohol

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7
Q

conditions, product and equation for
hydrolysis of an ester with a dilute acid

A

heat
(in the equation both carboxyl and hydroxyl formed separately)

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8
Q

conditions, product and equation for
hydrolysis of an ester with a dilute alkali

A

heat
(in the equation the carboxylic acid formed reacts with the metal in the alkali so show that in the equation)
alcohol also formed

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9
Q

combustion
colour of ethanol burnt, equation

A

ethanol burns with a clean blue flame in a good supply of air

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10
Q

What happens during substitution to form a halogenoalkane using a hydrogen halide

A

the -OH group is replaced by a halogen
halogenoalkane and water formed
hydrogen halide is the reactant

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11
Q

How to form hydrogen bromide for substitution reactions

A

potassium bromide and concentrated phosphoric (or sulfuric) acid will give HBr required (pg.341)

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12
Q

condition, product for
Substitution of chlorine into alcohol (sulfur dichloride oxide)

A

sulfur dichloride, SOCl2 used to substitute chlorine
pg.341

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13
Q

Substitution reaction of phosphorus halides to provide halogens for substitution reaction with alcohols
chloroalkanes
give the equation along with the reactant used

bromoalkanes and iodoalkanes

A

phosphorus (V) chloride, PCl5

phosphorus (III) chloride, PCl3
requires heating

Pbr3 or PI3 warmed with alcohol

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14
Q

alcohol with sodium metal
(write an equation with ethanol)

A

O-H bond broken
a basic ionic compound formed, sodium alkoxide and hydrogen

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15
Q

type of reaction, conditions, product, equation for
esterification

A

condensation reaction
heat with concentrated sulfuric acid (catalyst)
ester formed
first part alcohol, second part carboxylic acid

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16
Q

the ex. acid used, the product, the equation for
acid hydrolysis of an ester

A

dilute sulfuric acid
carboxylic acid + alcohol
reversible reaction

17
Q

the ex. alkali used, the product, the equation for
alkali hydrolysis of an ester

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide
not reversible reaction
alcohol and sodium salt formed (carboxylic acid reacts with sodium)

18
Q

type of reaction, conditions, product, equation for
dehydration of alcohols

A

elimination reaction of water
aluminium oxide powder with heat (concentrated acid works too)
alkenes

19
Q

conditions, product, equation for
oxidation of primary alcohols

A

potassium dichromate (VI) (K2Cr2O7), acidified with dilute sulfuric acid
mild oxidation- aldehyde
strong oxidation- carboxylic acid (same conditions)
heat and distil off aldehyde

20
Q

conditions, product, equation for
oxidation of secondary alcohols

A

potassium dichromate (VI) (K2Cr2O7), acidified with dilute sulfuric acid
heat mixture under reflux
ketones formed
cannot be further oxidised

21
Q

potassium dichromate (VI) (K2Cr2O7) colour change

A

orange to green
with primary and secondary alcohol the colour will turn from orange to green
tertiary no reaction/no change
used to test if alcohol is primary or tertiary

22
Q

condition, the equation for
carboxylic acids made from nitriles

A

nitrile refluxed with dilute HCL

23
Q

products and equations for
carboxylic acid reaction with
alkali
reactive metals
carbonates

A

salt and water
salt and hydrogen gas
salt, water and carbon dioxide gas

24
Q

condition, product, equation for
reduction of carboxylic acid

A

reducing agent LIAlH4 in dry ether at room temperature
primary alcohol

as-level chemistry (10 decks)

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