CH.14 Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

give the list of groups of organic compounds that are isomers of each other

Answer 1

alkenes and cycloalkanes
alcohols and ethers
aldehydes and ketones
carboxylic acid and ester
carboxylic acid, ester, alkene diol and hydroxyalde (? not sure)

Question 2

structural isomers

Answer 2

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
chain
functional
position

Question 3

stereoisomerism

Answer 3

compounds whose molecules have the same atoms bonded to each other in the same way, but in a different arrangement of atoms in space, so molecules cannot be superimposed on each other.
geometrical cis/trans
optical

Question 4

what is a free radicle?

Answer 4

an atom or a group of atoms with an unpaired electron. The presence of this unpaired electron makes free radicals highly reactive

Question 5

Electrophile

Answer 5

species that acts as an electron pair acceptor
(positive to attract electrons)

Question 6

Nucleophile

Answer 6

species that acts as an electron pair donor
(must have a lone pair
negative to get a neutral atom)

Question 7

What is a sigma bond?

Answer 7

a single covalent bond formed by the ‘end-on’ overlap of atomic orbitals.

Question 8

What is a pi bond?

Answer 8

a covalent bond formed by the ‘sideways’ overlap of p and p or p and d atomic orbitals.