ch8 Flashcards
processes that happen within a group.
intragroup processes
processes that occur between groups of people
intergroup processes
when people do better on a task in the presence of others than when they’re alone.
social facilitation
when people do worse on a task in the presence of others than when they’re alone
social inhibition
a group‐produced reduction in individual output on easy tasks where contributions are pooled.
social loafing
a model that describes people’s motivation to exert effort in group tasks as depending on whether they believe their distinct efforts will be identifiable, their efforts will make a difference in the group’s success, and they’ll experience positive outcomes.
collective effort model
the notion that if a project is important to you, you may work even harder to compensate for the poor performance or social loafing of others.
social compensation
– when the initial tendencies of group members become more extreme following group discussion.
group polarization
– a process by which groups tend to make riskier decisions than individuals would make alone.
risky shift
a group decision‐making style that is characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence, consensus, and unanimity, as opposed to making the best decision
groupthink
– the belief that one’s cultural values are shared by others
ethnocentrism
situations where if all individuals make self‐interested choices the result will be the worst possible outcome for everyone
social dilemma
a social dilemma in which each person can take as much as he or she wants of a common resource, but if everyone takes as much as they want, the resource will eventually be completely depleted.
common resource dilemmas
a type of social dilemma where each person must decide what to contribute to a common pool of resources that will not exist unless people contribute to it
public goods dilemma
the situation in which two people may choose to either cooperate with each other or compete.
prisoner’s dilemma
