ch10 Flashcards
a belief that associates a whole group of people with a certain trait.
stereotype
hostile or negative feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group
prejudice
behaviour directed against people solely because of their membership in a particular group.
discrimination
the practice of classifying people into in‐groups or out‐groups based on attributes that the person has in common with the in‐group or out‐group
social categorization
people’s tendency to underestimate the variability of out‐group members compared to the variability of in‐group members
out‐group homogeneity effect
the tendency to see out‐group members as looking very similar to one another and showing greater accuracy for recognizing in‐group members than out‐group members
cross‐ethnic identification bias
the tendency to evaluate one’s in‐group more positively than out‐groups.
in‐group favouritism
a personality variable that shows preference for maintaining hierarchy both within groups and between groups.
social dominance orientation (SDO)
the tendency to overestimate the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
illusory correlation
an error in which people make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour and situational attributions for positive behaviour by out‐group members yet show the reverse attributions for successes and failures for their in‐group members
ultimate attribution error
a model that posits that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups
shifting standards model
the tendency to see things in line with one’s expectations.
perceptual confirmation
the tendency to search for information that supports one’s initial view.
confirmation bias
the fear that one’s behaviour may confirm an existing cultural stereotype, which then disrupts one’s performance
stereotype threat
a model that proposes that people in disadvantaged groups experience a negative impact on their well‐being when they perceive prejudice and discrimination against themselves.
rejection‐identification model
