CH7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Flashcards
piaget's preoperational stages...
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 2: Operations
A child’s ability to do mentally what they previously could only do physically (ex. counting with fingers to counting mentally)
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 2: Symbolic function substage
The ability to visualize things that are not present (ex. I can visualize a cat even though there isn’t one here with me)
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 2: Egocentrism
The belief that my perspective is the same as everyone elses (ex. I can see there are two animals on this side of the mountain, that means you can, too)
emphasis on “ego”
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 3: Animism
Believing in “magic;” inanimate objects are life-like and can do things like humans
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 3: Intuitive thought substage
Children constantly want to ask questions and use reasoning
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 2: Centration
Focusing too much on one aspect and disregarding other factors (ex. I think the taller glass has more water, even though both glasses have the same amount. I was too focused on the shape of the glasses)
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage 2: Conservation
Changing the appearance of something does not mean the foundation completely changes (ex. even as I transferred the water from the shorter cup to the taller cup, the amount of water stays the same)
Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Children think and understand through communication and social settings
Scaffolding
Changing the level of support depending on the child
Zone of Proximal Development
Tasks that are too difficult for one child alone but can be done with guidance
the difference between what I can vs. cannot do with/without help
Vygotsky’s Theory
Children develop through social interactions
Private speech
Self-regulation through speaking aloud (ex. I describe what I’m doing as I am doing it)
Social constructivist approach
We learn through social settings & we mutually build our knowledge through social settings
What is the average height and weight growth during early childhood?
- Average height growth: 2.5 inches per year
- Average weight increase: 5-10 lbs per year
Brain growth
Brain reaches 95% of an adult’s brain by 6 years old
