ch7 - motivation and emotion Flashcards
motivation
the factors that direct and energize the behacior of humans and other organism.
biological cognititve and social aspects
instinct
inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned
instinct approaches to motivation
people and animals are born preprogramed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival
drive reduction
lack of some basic biological requirement produces a drive to obtain that requirement.
a drive
motivational tension or arousal tat energizes behavior to fulfill a need
primary drives
basic drives related to biological needs of the body or species as a whole; hunger thirst sleep sex
secondary drives
prior experience and learning bring about needs. ie Academic or professional achievements
arousal approaches to motivation
people try to maintain a steady level of stimulation and activity. neither too high nor too low
incentive approaches to motivation
motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals or incentives.
cognitive approaches to motivation
motivation is a product of peoples thoughts, expectations, and goals / cognitions
intrinsic motivation
causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any concrete tangible reward
extrinsic motivation
causes us to do something for money a grade or some other concrete tangible reward
hindrance stressors
stressors that employees see as outside their control and as barriers to good performance
challenge stressors
stressors that employees see as something they can overcome such as learning a new skill that can get the job done more effectively.
motivates employees to work harder
self actualization
a state of self fulfillment in which people realize their highest potentials in their own unique way.
self determination theory
people have the need 3 basics; competence, autonomy, relatedness.
(this are considered universal across cultures and essential as a basic biological need)
competence
the need to produce desirable outcomes
autonomy
the perception that we have control over our own lives
relatedness
the need to be involved in close warm relationships with others.
hierarchy of needs
needs form a hierachy before higher order needs are met, lower order needs must be fulfilled.
maslows hierachy
- physiological needs
- safety needs
- love and belongingness
- esteem
- self actualization
weight set point
particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain, regulating food intake.
mtabolism
the rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body
androgens
male sex hormone
estrogen
female sex hormone
progesterone
female sex hormone
thematic apperception test TAT
measuring instrument for a persons need for achievement.
need for affiliation
an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people.
need for power
a tendency to seek impact control or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual
emotions
feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior
James Lang Theory
Emotions are experienced because of physiological changes producing sensations
activation of visceral bodily changes»_space;> brain interprets visceral changes as emotional experiences
Cannon Bard Theory
Physiological arous and emotions happen at the same time.
Activation of thalamus»_space;activation of bodily changes in response to brain»_space; message to cortex regarding emotional experience
Schachter Singer Theory
cognitive view of emotions where the are determined by physiological arousal and labeling of that arousal
observation of environmental cues»_space; determination of label to place on arousal, identifying emotional experience.
