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CBD_PSY > Ch1 - INTRO TO PSY > Flashcards

Ch1 - INTRO TO PSY Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental process

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2
Q

what is mental process

A

encompasses what they do, thoughts, emotions, perceptions, reasoning process, memories, and biological activities that maintain bodily function

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3
Q

what is behavioral genetics

A

studies the inheritane of traits related to behavior

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4
Q

behavioral neuroscience

A

examines the biological basis of behavior

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5
Q

climate and environmental pscyhology

A

considers how climate change affects behavior and the relationship between people and their physical environment

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6
Q

clinical neuropsychology

A

unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology focusing on relation between biological factors and psychological disorders

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7
Q

clinical psychology

A

the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.

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8
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of higher mental processes

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9
Q

counseling psychology

A

focuses on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.

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10
Q

cross cultural psychology

A

the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups

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11
Q

developmental psychology

A

how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death

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12
Q

diversity science

A

how society’s diversity affects individual and group behavior

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13
Q

educational psychology

A

concerned with teaching and learning processes

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14
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

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15
Q

experimental psychology

A

studies the proces of sensing percieving learning and thinking about the world

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16
Q

forensic psychology

A

focuses on legal issues such as determining the accuracy of witness memories

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17
Q

health psychology

A

explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments of disease

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18
Q

industrial/organizational psychology

A

concerned with psychology of the workplace

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19
Q

personality psychology

A

focuses on the consistency in peoples behavior over time and traits that differ an individual from another

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20
Q

program evaluation

A

focuses on assessing large scale programs to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals

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21
Q

psychology of women

A

focuses on issues such as discrimination against women the cause of violence against women

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22
Q

school psychology

A

counseling children in elementary and secondary school that have academic or emotional problems

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23
Q

social psychology

A

study of how peoples thoughts feelings and actions are affected by others

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24
Q

sport psychology

A

applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise.

25
Q

phD psychology

A

doctor of philosophy requires a dissertation based on an original investigation

26
Q

psyD psychology

A

doctor of psychology focuses on treatment of psychological disorders

27
Q

psychiatrist

A

medical degree and specializes in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, often using treatments involving prescription drugs.

28
Q

structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt - focused on INTROSPECTION TO uncover the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities

29
Q

introspection

A

a procedure in which people are presented with a stimulus and asked to describe what they were experiencing

30
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Father of Structuralism

31
Q

functionalism

A

William James - concentrated on what the mind does and how behavior functions
examined how behavior allows people to satisfy their needs and how our consciousness permits us to adapt to our environment

32
Q

gestalt pscyhology

A

emphasized how perception is organized. studying how people consider individual elements together as units or wholes.
“the whole is different from the sum of its parts”

33
Q

todays perspectives

A

neuroscience
psychodynamic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic

34
Q

neuroscience

A

views behavior from the perspective of biological function

35
Q

cognitive

A

examines how people understand and think

36
Q

behavioral

A

focuses on observable behavior

37
Q

humanistic

A

contends that people can control their behavior and they naturally try to reach their full potential

38
Q

psychodynamic

A

believes behavior is motivated by inner unconscious forces over which a person has little control

39
Q

steps of scientific method

A

1 identifying questions of interest
2 formulating an explanation
3 carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation
4 communicating the findings

40
Q

key issues and controversies

A

1 nature vs nurture
2 conscious vers unconscious causes of behavior
3 observable behavior vs internal mental processes
4 free will vs determinisim
5 individual differences vs universal principles

41
Q

scientific method

A

systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest

42
Q

Theories

A

broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest - provide a framework for understanding the relationship among a set of otherwise unorganized facts

43
Q

Hypothesis

A

a prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested - stem from theories

44
Q

operational definition

A

the translation of a hypothesis into specific testable procedures that can be measured and observed in an experiment

45
Q

archival research

A

existing data, census documents, college records, online databases, newspaper articles

46
Q

naturalistic observation

A

investigator observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation.

47
Q

survey research

A

a sample of people are chose to represent a larger group of interested and asked a series of questions about their thoughts and attitudes

48
Q

ethnographic research

A

in depth extended examination of people in their own environment - using interviews and observation of everyday life

49
Q

the case study

A

in depth intensive investigation of a single individual or small group.

50
Q

correlational research

A

two sets of variables are examined to determine whether they are associated or correlated

51
Q

descriptive research

A

1 Archival research
2 naturalistic observation
3 survey research
4 ethnographic research
5 the case study
6 correlational research

52
Q

experimental research

A

a researcher investigates the relationship between two or more variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effects

53
Q

experimental manipulation

A

the change that the researcher deliberately makes

54
Q

experimental group

A

any group that receives a treatment

55
Q

control group

A

a group that receives no treatment

56
Q

independant variable

A

the condition that is manipulated by an experimenter

57
Q

dependent variable

A

variable that is measured and ix expected to change as a result of changes caused by the experimenter

58
Q

random assignment to condition

A

participants are assigned to different experimental groups or conditions on the basis of chance and chance alone

CBD_PSY (4 decks)

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