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Anthropology > Ch.7 - Final > Flashcards

Ch.7 - Final Flashcards

1
Q

Kinship system?

A

relationships in society (based on blood or marriage)

  • consanguineal
  • affinal
  • fictive
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2
Q

consanguineal kin

A

related through birth or blood

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3
Q

affinal kin

A

related through marriage

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4
Q

fictive kin

A

relationships not determined by blood or marriage (adoption, close family friends “aunt”, “uncle”)

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5
Q

kinship diagrams

A

view from the central POV of the “ego”

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6
Q

kinship etic labels

A

S = son, F = father etc. Z = sister, MBD = mothers brothers daughter

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7
Q

Descent

A

a persons kinship connections traced back through generations

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8
Q

Adoption/fostering

A

taking in children that are not related by blood

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9
Q

Patterns of descent and descent groups

A
  1. bilateral
  2. unilateral
  3. ambilineal
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10
Q

bilateral descent

A

related equally to mother and father (USA/Canada)

- common in foraging and industrialism

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11
Q

kindred

A

(bilateral descent)

group of closely related relatives connected to both parents to one living relative

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12
Q

unilineal

A

lineage is only traced through the mother or father (not both)
- common in horticulture, agriculture and patroralism

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13
Q

patrilineal descent

A

(unilineal)
descent is traced through the father (most common) ie. China
- common in pastroralism and agriculture societies

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14
Q

matrilineal descent

A

(unilineal)
descent through the mother
- common in horticulture (Navaho
- also in Minangkabau (Sumatra, Indonesia), intensive agriculture

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15
Q

ambilineal

A

choice of kinship group

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16
Q

patriarchy/matriarchy

A

matriarchy = women have more authority

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17
Q

types of post-marital residences

A
  1. matrilocal
  2. avunculocal
  3. patrilocal
  4. ambilocal
  5. neolocal
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18
Q

matrilocal

A

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the relatives of the wife

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19
Q

avunculocal

A

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the husbands mothers brother

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20
Q

patrilocal

A

(types of post-marital residences)

couple lives with or near the husbands father

21
Q

ambilocal

A

(types of post-marital residences)

couple has choice of living with/near relatives of wife or husband

22
Q

neolocal

A

(types of post-marital residences)

independent residence away from relatives

23
Q

residence and kinship patterns

A

Do not necessarily correlate. ie. Asanta people of Ghana follow matrilineal descent but practice patrilineal residence

24
Q

Marriage

A

formalizing the relationship between adult partners

25
Q

functions of marriage

A
  • regulate sexual and economic rights
  • division of labour
  • formalize relationship
26
Q

mate selection - rules

A
  1. incest taboo
  2. endogamy
  3. exogamy
  4. arranged marriages
  5. parallel cousins vs. cross-cousins
  6. levirate and sororate
27
Q

incest taboo

A

mating between immediate family (nuclear)

28
Q

endogamy

A

marrying within the same group (ie. Hindu castes) or class, ethnicity

29
Q

exogamy

A

marrying outside of a group

30
Q

arranged marriages

A

found in elaborate social hierarchies (Hindu India), union of “two kin groups”

31
Q

parallel cousins vs. cross cousins

A 
PC = same sex cousins 
CC = opposite sex
32
Q

Levirate and sororate

A

Levirate = widow is expected to marry brother of deceased husband

Sororate - widower is expected to marry sister of deceased wife

33
Q

monogamy

A

one partner at a time

34
Q

serial monogamy

A

partners one after another (common in Canada, USA, W. Europe)

35
Q

polygamy

A

multiple partners at the same time

36
Q

polygyny

A

(polygamy)

marriage of a man to two or more women (India, China)

37
Q

polyandry

A

(polygamy)
marriage of a woman to two or more men (Tibet, Nepal)
- not common, can be Fraternal (all brothers)

38
Q

marriage gifts/transactions

A
  1. dowry
  2. bridewealth
  3. bride service
39
Q

dowry

A

(marriage gifts/transactions)

money from bride to the husbands family

40
Q

bridewealth

A

(marriage gifts/transactions)

compensation from the family of the groom to the bride (Maasai)

41
Q

bride service

A

(marriage gifts/transactions)

men give labour to bride’s family (common in foraging societies)

42
Q

divorce

A

formal dissolution of a marriage

43
Q

family

A

social unit, economic and social cooperation

44
Q

Types of family

A
  1. nuclear

2. extended

45
Q

nuclear

A

(Types of family)
2 generation family surrounding the parents and the children (Canada/USA) - common in industrialized societies

also includes blended (divorced families)

46
Q

extended

A

2 or more nuclear families

47
Q

matrifocal

A

single parent - mother and children

48
Q

new reproductive technologies

A

IVF
sperm banks
surrogacy

Anthropology (6 decks)

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