Ch. 8 (sex, gender, sexuality) - Final

Question 1

sex

Answer 1

the biological or genetic differences between males and females

Question 2

sexual dimorphism

Answer 2

The physiological differences between men and women

Question 3

gender

Answer 3

the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated and expected to behave

Question 4

masculinity

Answer 4

social definition of maleness (Mead’s study: “Sex and Temperament”)

Question 5

femininity

Answer 5

social definition of femininity (Mead’s study: “Sex and Temperament”)

Question 6

transgender

Answer 6

change of sex

Question 7

androgyny

Answer 7

combo of male and female characteristics

Question 8

gender indentity

Answer 8

which gender one associates with

Question 9

gender pluralism

Answer 9

multiple categories of femininity, masculinity, androgyny - ALL are tolerated

Question 10

third/fourth gender categories

Answer 10

• two-spirits (First Nations/Native American - ie. winkte (lakota)
• hijra (India)
• kathoey (Thailand)

Question 11

sexuality

Answer 11

sexual practices of humans, varying widely from culture to culture

Question 12

sexual orientation

Answer 12

• heterosexual

- homosexual

Question 13

asexual

Answer 13

no sexual feelings or desires

Question 14

gender roles

Answer 14

some are rigid, some cultures overlap (ie. hunting (men), cooking (women), child care (women)

Question 15

gender stratification

Answer 15

Ranking according to gender

• subordinate women in East Africa (pastoral)
• egalitarian in Ju/’hoansi

Question 16

male dominance and sexual asymmtry

Answer 16

Men tend to be in a position of dominance

Question 17

feminization of poverty

Answer 17

high proportion of women are living in poverty

Question 18

gender inequality

Answer 18

refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.
- differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as - biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences.

Question 19

Gender Empowerment Measure (UNDP)

Answer 19

composite indicator that captures gender inequality in three key areas:

1. the extent of women’s political participation and decision-making
2. economic participation and decision making-power and 3. the power exerted by women over economic resources.

Question 20

double workload

Answer 20

women are working jobs and running a household

Question 21

occupational segregration

Answer 21

predominance of one gender in certain occuptions

Question 22

gender ideology

Answer 22

system of thoughts and values that legitimize gender roles, statuses and behaviour

Question 23

males gender bias

Answer 23

(gender ideology)

preference of having sons in some societies

Question 24

female infanticide

Answer 24

(gender ideology)

killing female children

Question 25

Areas of gender disparity

Answer 25

1. education
2. employment
3. reproductive health
4. vulnerability to HIV/AIDS
5. Finance

Question 26

Reproductive health

Answer 26

• decision making and controls and multiple levels: family/domestic, state (gov. policies), global (int. programmes)
• fertility control (traditional vs. chemical)