ch.7: Bones and Joints of the Upper Extremity Flashcards
what’re the grooves on the POST distal aspect of radius going LAT to MED
groove for extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons, groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons, groove for extensor pollicis longus tendon, groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis tendons
where is the head of the radius and ulna
radius: proximal end of radius
ulna: distal end of the ulna
8 carpals. Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
the heads of the metacarpals and phalanges are _______ to the bases
distal
the _______ (carpal) goes with the thumb
trapezium
distal phalanges have _____ on the heads
tuberosities
jts of upper extremity (11)
elbow down
radiohumeral, ulnohumeral, PROX radioulnar jt, middle/intermediate radioulnar jt, DIST radioulnar jt, radiocarpal (wrist) jt, Intercarpal/midcarpal jt, carpometacarpal (CMC) jts (1st, and 2nd-5th), intermetacarpal jt, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) jt, PROX and DIST interphalangeal (PIP, DIP) jts
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts., and ligaments of radiohumeral jt
surface: concave surface of radial head and capitulum of humerus
classification: uniaxial hinge synovial jt
mvts: flexion & extension, MED/LAT axis, sagittal plane
ligaments: radial/LAT collateral, capsule
the distal ulna does not articulate with the _______ row of carpals, the disc does
proximal
feats of the radial/LAT collateral ligament
fan shaped, attaches LAT humeral epicondyle to annular ligament of PROX radioulnar jt, limits/restricts varus motion
varus and valgus force
varus: a force applied to the medial side of something
valgus: force applied to LAT side of something
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts., and ligaments of ulnohumeral jt
art. surfaces: trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
class.: uniaxial hinge synovial jt
mvts.: flexion/extension, MED/LAT axis, sagittal plane
ligaments: medial/ulnar collateral, capsule
feats of the capsule of the radiohumeral and ulnohumeral
weak ANT and POST, strengthened MED and LAT by collateral ligaments
feats of the ulnar/MED collateral lig.
triangle shaped (ANT, POST, and oblique bands),
attaches MED humeral epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon processes,
limits/restricts valgus motion
intercarpal ligaments connect the carpals in _________ and _______ rows
PROX and DIST
feats of the radial/LAT collateral lig.
fan shaped, attaches LAT humeral epicondyle to annular lig. of PROX radioulnar jt, limits varus motion
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts., and ligaments of PROX radioulnar jt
Art. surfaces: 1/5 edge of the head of the radius and the radial notch of ulna
Class.: uniaxial, pivot synovial
mvts.: PRON’N/SUP’N —> mech. axis of radius
Ligs.: capsule, annular lig., oblique cord
feats of the ligs. of PROX radioulnar jt
Capsule: continuous w/ capsule of radio- and ulno-humeral jts
Annular: encircles the radial head and ensures correct radial alignment with respect to the humerus and ulna, forms 4/5 of art. surface, limits LAT and INF motion of radius
Oblique cord: attaches ulna and radius ANTly, limits SUP’N and INF radial displacement
bursae of the elbow
bursae: olecranon bursae- subtendonous (b/w olecranon and triceps tendon) and subcutaneous
feats of the fat pads of the elbow
ANT and POST fat pads in b/w synovial membrane and capsule (intracapsular) that offer some protection and cushion for jt
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts., and ligament of middle/intermediate radioulnar jt
art. surfaces: interosseous borders of radius and ulna
class.: fibrous syndesmosis, amphiarthrodial jt
mvts.: SUP’N/PRON’N
lig.: interosseous membrane
feats of the interosseous membrane of the intermediate radioulnar jt
attaches superior LAT to inferior MED b/w interosseous borders of radius and ulna,
limits: SUP’N/PRON’N, transfers force from distal radius to ulna with FOOSH
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts., and ligaments of DIST radioulnar jt
art. surfaces: head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
class.: uniaxial pivot synovial jt
mvts.: PRON’N/SUP’N
ligs.: capsule, ANT (palmar) and POST (dorsal) radioulnar ligs., trifolar/triradiate cartilage/articular disc of radiocarpal disc
feats of ligs of DIST radioulnar jts.: capsule, ANT (palmar) and POST (dorsal) radioulnar ligs., trifolar/triradiate cartilage/articular disc of radiocarpal disc
capsule: encloses jt but is deficient superiorly
ANT (palmar) and POST (dorsal) radioulnar ligs.: transverse orientation b/w DIST radius and DIST surface of ulna, limits PRON’N (POST fibres) and SUP’N (ANT fibres). trifolar/triradiate cartilage/disc: attaches b/w ulnar notch of radius and ulnar styloid, separates DIST radioulnar jt from radiocarpal jt, cushions impact b/w carpals and radius and ulna
articulating surfaces, classification, mvts. of radiocarpal jt
art. surfaces: DIST radius and trifolar cartilage (disc) (concave) and PROX row of carpals (convex).
class.: biaxial, condyloid, synovial jt
mvts.: FLEX/EXT’N, MED/LAT axis, sagittal plane, and radial-ulnar deviation, ANT/POST axis, frontal plane
ligs. of radiocarpal jt (5)
-ANT (palmar) radiocarpal lig
-POST (dorsal) radiocarpal lig
-ulnocarpal lig (ANT and POST)
-MED/ulnar collateral
-LAT/radial collateral
feats of ANT radiocarpal ligs
consists of the long and short radiolunate, radioscaphoid, and the radiotriquetral bands. Limits wrist EXT’N and causes hand to follow radius in SUP’N
feats of the POST (Dorsal) Radiocarpal ligs:
attaches DIST radius and radial styloid to triquetrum and lunate posteriorly,
limits FLEX and causes carpals (thus hand) to follow radius into PRON’N
feats of ANT (palmar) ulnocarpal
3 bands: ulnotriquetral, ulnocapitate, and ulnolunate, limits EXT’N and controls carpal motion
feats of POST (dorsal) ulnocarpal
DIST ulna and trifolar cartilage —> triquetrum and lunate posteriorly,
limits FLEX and controls carpal motion
Radial (LAT) collateral
radial styloid to scaphoid, trapezium adnd 1st MC,
limits ulnar deviation, and strengthens the capsule
Art. surfaces of the Intercarpal/midcarpal jt
PROX row of carpals and DIST row of carpals
jt class. and mvts of intercarpal/midcarpal jt
jt class: nonaxial, plane, synovial
mvts.: gliding, intercarpal motion augments that at the wrist, motion primarily occurs w/ wrist FLEX/EXT’N and ulnar/radial deviation
ligs. of the intercarpal/midcarpal jt (6)
-capsule: helps unite carpals
-ANT (palmar) radiocarpal lig
-POST (dorsal) radiocarpal lig
-MED (ulnar) collateral lig
-LAT (radial) collateral lig
-interosseous ligs: attach b/w adjacent carpal bones w/in the same row NOT b/w rows, limit jt distraction, intracapsular
Art surfaces of Carpometacarpal (CMC) jt 1st-5th
-1st MC > DIST trapezium
-2nd MC > trapezoid
- 3rd MC > capitate
- 4th MC > capitate and hamate
- 5th MC > hamate
jt class. and mvts of 1st CMC jt
class.: biaxial, saddle, synovial
mvts:
-FLEX/EXT’N; ANT/POST axis, frontal
-ABD/ADD; MED/LAT axis, sagittal
-opposition (combo of ABD, FLEX, and ADD)
jt class. and mvts of 2nd-5th CMC
class. of 2nd-4th CMC: nonaxial, plane, synovial; JT allows FLEX/EXT’N
class. of 5th CMC: biaxial, saddle, synovial; JT allows FLEX/EXT’N and ABD/ADD
mvts.: gliding as with FLEX/EXT’N and radial/ulnar deviation, ROM increases toward the ulnar side w/ the 2nd and 3rd jts being a stable point around which the others move
ligs. of the CMC jts
1st CMC:
- capsule: loose to allow free motion, separate from 2nd-5th CMC jts
- LAT collateral: LAT trapezium > radial side of base of 1st MC, limits ADD
-ANT and POST CMC ligs: attach ANT & POST surfaces of adjacent bones, limits hyperflexion and EXT’N
-interosseous CMC ligs: attach b/w adjacent bones, limits jt distraction
2nd-5th:
-capsule
-ANT and POST CMC ligs.
-interosseous CMC lig
Art surfaces, jt class., and mvts of intermetacarpal jt
art surfaces: surfaces of adjacent bases of metacarpals 2-5
jt class.: nonaxial, plane, synovial
mvts: gliding w/ mvt of the CMC JTS
Art surfaces, jt class., and mvts of Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) jt
Art surfaces: head of MC (convex), base of phalanx (concave)
jt class.: biaxial, condyloid, synovial
mvts.:
-FLEX/EXT’N; MED/LAT axis, sagittal
- ABD/ADD; ANT/POST axis, frontal
ligs of the MCP jt
-capsule
-deep transverse metacarpal lig: on ANT surface of 2nd-5th MCs, limits separation of MC heads
-LAT (radial) & MED (ulnar) collaterals: fuse w/ ANT capsule, holds volar plate on jt, limits LAT stresses
-Volar fibrocartilagenous plate/palmar lig: thick, dense plate located ANT to jt, blends with deep transverse MC lig. proximally, limits hyperextension, prevents impingement of the flexor tendons in the JT, reinforces capsule
jt class. and mvts of PIPS and DIPS
jt class.: uniaxial, hinge, synovial
mvts:
-1st digit: FLEX/EXT’N, does not occur in one plane
- PIP & DIP (2nd-5th): FLEX/EXT’N, sagittal plane, MED/LAT axis, ROM increases toward ulnar side, ROM is greater at PIPS than DIPS
Ligs of PIPS and DIPS (3)
-capsule: each IP has its own
-LAT (radial) and MED (ulnar) collaterals: limits varus and valgus strain respectfully
- Volar fibrocartilaginous plate/palmar lig: limits EXT’N, prevents impingement of flexor tendons
