ch. 4: intro to nervous, arterial, and lymphatic systems Flashcards
the 2 general categories of the nervous sys.
CNS and PNS
what is the func. of the CNS
generates motor impulse, thoughts and emtion, integrates and correlates sensory info
what is the func. of the PNS
carries sensory info from periphery to CNS and motor impulses from CNS to periphery
what are the 12 cranial nerves in order
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
what is a dermatome
an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
differentiate between anterior and posterior roots
The anterior root originates from the anterior aspect of cord and only carries motor func.
The post. root originates from post. aspect of cord and carries only sensory info, it also has a dorsal root ganglion. Ant. root and post. root join to form spinal nerve
dorsal root ganglion
a collection of sensory neurons (specifically cell bodies) located outside of the spinal cord.
feats. of spinal nerve
travels through IVF, combination of ant. roots and post. roots (carries both motor and sensory function), PNS
traveling laterally, a spinal nerves splits into ______ and _____ ______ and recurrent meningeal nerve
ant. and post. primary rami
what does the recurrent meningeal nerve do
re-enters the IVF and innervates structures inside vertebral foramen
how many total spinal nerve pairs
31
how are the 31 spinal nerves pairs divided amongst the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions respectively
8, 12, 5, 5,1
segmental innervation from vertex to toes describes what
dermatomes
cranial nerves are a part of which category of the nervous sys
PNS
which cranial nerves carry both sensory and motor info.
all besides I, II, and VIII
what is a nerve plexus
network of nerves with crossing axons from spinal nerve roots
what does a nerve plexus do
allows nerves from diff. segments of the spinal cord to be distributed to the periphery together. Also allows for overlap of innervation so that damage to one root won’t completely disable function of a connected organ or muscle
the post. primary rami innervates what
deep muscles and skin of dorsal surface of trunk
the ant. primary rami does what
innervates muscles of upper aspects of the limbs and the skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of trunk
what is a ganglion
a cluster of neuron cell bodies found outside of CNS
what are the three functions of the nervous sys.
sensation, integration, and motor
a bundle of 100s-1000s of axons
nerve
2 ex. of nerve plexus
brachial plexus from cervical spine, lumbar plexus
what does the cardiovascular sys. do
carries nutrients throughout body to keep tissues and body functioning and removes waste products from metabolism
where does nutrient exchange occur in the cardiovascular sys.
capillary beds
what keeps blood moving through veins
valves prevent backflow, muscle contractions
the lymph sys. is a component of a larger sys.
immune sys.
what is a lymph node
nodes that run alongside lymph vessels and house lymphocytes that help filter lymph before in goes back into venous sys.
where does lymph re-enter the venous sys.
the neck; between the internal jugular and subclavian veins
function of lymph sys.
filters foreign particles (bacteria and cancerous), removes excess extracellular fluid from interstitial space, and absorbs fat from the intestine
what is an edema
accumulation of interstitial fluid that may come from lymphatic blockage
connective tissue covering the spinal cord
meninges
what protects the spinal cord
housing within the vertebral canal, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid
3 connective tissue coverings that protect the spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
feats of dura mater
thick outermost layer, covers brain, brainstem, spinal cord, and spinal nerves, continuous with epineurium (superficial connective tissue covering an entire peripheral nerve)
feats of arachnoid mater
middle layer, loosely organized connective tissue, spider web like appearance
what is within the subarachnoid space
cerebrospinal fluid
pia mater
deepest layer, very thin, intimately associated with nerves, spinal cord and brain
