ch. 4: intro to nervous, arterial, and lymphatic systems

Question 1

the 2 general categories of the nervous sys.

Answer 1

CNS and PNS

Question 2

what is the func. of the CNS

Answer 2

generates motor impulse, thoughts and emtion, integrates and correlates sensory info

Question 3

what is the func. of the PNS

Answer 3

carries sensory info from periphery to CNS and motor impulses from CNS to periphery

Question 4

what are the 12 cranial nerves in order

Answer 4

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Question 5

what is a dermatome

Answer 5

an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 6

differentiate between anterior and posterior roots

Answer 6

The anterior root originates from the anterior aspect of cord and only carries motor func.
The post. root originates from post. aspect of cord and carries only sensory info, it also has a dorsal root ganglion. Ant. root and post. root join to form spinal nerve

Question 6

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 6

a collection of sensory neurons (specifically cell bodies) located outside of the spinal cord.

Question 7

feats. of spinal nerve

Answer 7

travels through IVF, combination of ant. roots and post. roots (carries both motor and sensory function), PNS

Question 7

traveling laterally, a spinal nerves splits into ______ and _____ ______ and recurrent meningeal nerve

Answer 7

ant. and post. primary rami

Question 8

what does the recurrent meningeal nerve do

Answer 8

re-enters the IVF and innervates structures inside vertebral foramen

Question 9

how many total spinal nerve pairs

Answer 9

31

Question 10

how are the 31 spinal nerves pairs divided amongst the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions respectively

Answer 10

8, 12, 5, 5,1

Question 11

segmental innervation from vertex to toes describes what

Answer 11

dermatomes

Question 12

cranial nerves are a part of which category of the nervous sys

Answer 12

PNS

Question 13

which cranial nerves carry both sensory and motor info.

Answer 13

all besides I, II, and VIII

Question 14

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 14

network of nerves with crossing axons from spinal nerve roots

Question 15

what does a nerve plexus do

Answer 15

allows nerves from diff. segments of the spinal cord to be distributed to the periphery together. Also allows for overlap of innervation so that damage to one root won’t completely disable function of a connected organ or muscle

Question 16

the post. primary rami innervates what

Answer 16

deep muscles and skin of dorsal surface of trunk

Question 17

the ant. primary rami does what

Answer 17

innervates muscles of upper aspects of the limbs and the skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of trunk

Question 18

what is a ganglion

Answer 18

a cluster of neuron cell bodies found outside of CNS

Question 19

what are the three functions of the nervous sys.

Answer 19

sensation, integration, and motor

Question 20

a bundle of 100s-1000s of axons

Answer 20

nerve

Question 21

2 ex. of nerve plexus

Answer 21

brachial plexus from cervical spine, lumbar plexus

Question 22

what does the cardiovascular sys. do

Answer 22

carries nutrients throughout body to keep tissues and body functioning and removes waste products from metabolism

Question 23

where does nutrient exchange occur in the cardiovascular sys.

Answer 23

capillary beds

Question 24

what keeps blood moving through veins

Answer 24

valves prevent backflow, muscle contractions

Question 25

the lymph sys. is a component of a larger sys.

Answer 25

immune sys.

Question 26

what is a lymph node

Answer 26

nodes that run alongside lymph vessels and house lymphocytes that help filter lymph before in goes back into venous sys.

Question 27

where does lymph re-enter the venous sys.

Answer 27

the neck; between the internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 28

function of lymph sys.

Answer 28

filters foreign particles (bacteria and cancerous), removes excess extracellular fluid from interstitial space, and absorbs fat from the intestine

Question 29

what is an edema

Answer 29

accumulation of interstitial fluid that may come from lymphatic blockage

Question 30

connective tissue covering the spinal cord

Answer 30

meninges

Question 31

what protects the spinal cord

Answer 31

housing within the vertebral canal, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

3 connective tissue coverings that protect the spinal cord

Answer 32

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 33

feats of dura mater

Answer 33

thick outermost layer, covers brain, brainstem, spinal cord, and spinal nerves, continuous with epineurium (superficial connective tissue covering an entire peripheral nerve)

Question 34

feats of arachnoid mater

Answer 34

middle layer, loosely organized connective tissue, spider web like appearance

Question 35

what is within the subarachnoid space

Answer 35

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 36

pia mater

Answer 36

deepest layer, very thin, intimately associated with nerves, spinal cord and brain