Ch.7

Question 1

Study design

Answer 1

A research strategy specifying the number of cars to be studied the number of times data will be collected the number of samples that will be used and whether the researcher will try to control or manipulate the independent variable in some way.

Question 2

Casual hypothesis

Answer 2

A testable expectation about an independent variables effect in a dependent variable

Question 3

Cross sectional study

Answer 3

A study design in which data are collected for all the variables of interest using one sample at one time

Question 4

Casual relationship

Answer 4

A nonspurious relationship between an independent and a dependent variable with the independent variable occurring before the dependent variable

Question 5

Spurious relationship

Answer 5

Non casual relationship between two variables

Question 6

Requirements for supporting casuality

Answer 6

The requirements needed to support a casual relationship include a pattern or relationship between the independent and dependent variable determination that the independent variable occurs first and support four the conclusion that the apparent relationship is not caused by effect of one or more third variables

Question 7

Internal validity

Answer 7

Agreement between a study’s conclusion about casual connections and what is actually true

Question 8

Longitudinal research

Answer 8

A research design in which data are collected at lest two different times , such as a panel ,trend or cohort study

Question 9

Panel study

Answer 9

A study design with data collected about one sample at least two times where the independent variable is not controlled by the researcher

Question 10

Panel study advantages

Answer 10

The ability to see change over time.

Question 11

Panel study disadvantages

Answer 11

Deciding when to collect data and time and money

Question 12

Panel attrition

Answer 12

The loss of subjects from a study because of disinterest death, illness or inability to locate them

Question 13

Panel conditioning

Answer 13

The effect of repeatedly measuring variables on sample members in a panel study

Question 14

Trend study

Answer 14

A study design in which data are collected at least two times with new sample selected from the same population each time

Question 15

Trend study advantages

Answer 15

Can be very useful when researchers are interested in identifying changes over time in large populations such as registered voters in one country or college students around the world.

Question 16

Trend study disadvantages

Answer 16

It has limitations because trend study does not compare a specific sample responses at two or more times. It can only identify aggregated changes not changes in individuals

Question 17

Cohort study

Answer 17

A study that follows a cohort over time

Question 18

Case study

Answer 18

A research strategy that focuses on one case (an individual,a group and organization and so on) within its social context at one point in time even if that one time spans months or years

Question 19

Intrinsic case studies

Answer 19

Undertaken because the particular case itself , with its particularity and ordinaries , is of interest.

Question 20

Instrumental case studies

Answer 20

Where typical case is selected to provide insight into and understanding of or a generalization about an issue that illustrates.

Question 21

Collective case studies

Answer 21

the collective ,where the instrumental approach is extended to severest cases selected to lead to a better understanding or theory about a larger collection of cases