CH7 Flashcards
this term refers to the the process of acquiring information and transferring it to long term
memory.
encoding
what are two examples of encoding information into your long-term memory?
- maintenance rehearsal
- elaborative rehearsal
This type of processing involves little attention to meaning, like when you repeatedly repeat a phone number or a code from your email.
shallow processing
what does the levels of processing theory posit?
memory depends on the depth of processing: shallow processing and deep processing
this type of processing involves close attention and elaborative rehearsal that focuses
on an item’s meaning and its relationship to something else.
deep processing
this effect involves better memory relating a word to yourself.
self-reference effect
this type of learning involves generating images in your head to connect words visually
paired-associate learning
who conducted the experiment for the self-reference effect?
Leshikar et al
what are the factors that aid encoding?
For creating connections between words and/or pictures - imagery and self-reference effect
- For active creation of information - generating information and testing
- For organization of information - recall by groups, present in an organized way, and/or meaningful framework
whose experiment demonstrated the retrieval practice effect (testing effect)
Jeffrey Karpicke and Henry Roediger
what are the four techniques you could use to improve your learning and memory?
- Elaboration
- Generate and Test
- Organize
- Take Breaks
this type of consolidation happens fast, within minutes or hours, involving structural changes at synapses—the small gaps between neurons.
synaptic consolidation
this term refers to words, stimuli, or even locations that help us remember stored information.
retrieval cues
this term refers to the process by which memory traces of encoded information are strengthened, stabilized, and stored to facilitate later retrieval.
consolidation
what are the two types of consolidation?
- synaptic consolidation
- systems consolidation
this type of consolidation is much slower, taking months or even years, and reorganizes entire neural circuits in the brain.
systems consolidation
what theory suggests that the hippocampus plays a key role in encoding new memories and initially connects with higher cortical areas.
Standard Model of Consolidation
what is the process of the Standard Model of Consolidation?
- The hippocampus replays neural activity and sends it to the cortex (REACTIVATION)
- As memories become more stable, they rely more on the cortex and cortex-dependent memory helps memories become more permanent and accessible
what theory proposes that the
hippocampus stays connected to cortical areas throughout consolidation, even for old memories.
Multiple Trace Model
