Ch.7

Question 1

formal concept

Answer 1

formed by learning specific rules that define it

Question 2

natural concept

Answer 2

formed through direct/indirect experience

Question 3

prototype

Answer 3

the best example or representation of a concept

Question 4

algorithm

Answer 4

Step-by-step problem-solving formula; must be followed exactly

Question 5

functional fixedness

Answer 5

thinking about objects only in terms of what they were designed for, can’t solve a problem where you need to use an object in a creative way

Question 6

mental set

Answer 6

persistence in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but is no longer working

Question 7

conformation bias

Answer 7

focusing on/seeking out information that confirms your existing beliefs and ignoring information that discredits your beliefs

Question 8

heuristics

Answer 8

General problem-solving framework; mental shortcut

Question 9

schema

Answer 9

a mental collection of related concepts

Question 10

syntax

Answer 10

arrangement of words into sentences in a language

Question 11

g factor

Answer 11

charles spearman believed intelligence consisted of one factor
: general factor

Question 12

multiple intelligences

Answer 12

howard gardner, 8 different intelligences

Question 13

emotional intelligence

Answer 13

the ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others

Question 14

flynn effect

Answer 14

each generations IQ gets higher than the previous generation

Question 15

IQ standardization

Answer 15

intellectually disabled <70, gifted >130

Question 16

phonemes

Answer 16

basic sound unit of a given language

Question 17

morphemes

Answer 17

smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning

Question 18

pragmatics

Answer 18

The practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social ‘niceties’ of language