Ch. 9

Question 1

nature

Answer 1

genetic inheritance

Question 2

nurture

Answer 2

experience

Question 3

genetics

Answer 3

genes influence personality

Question 4

dominant gene

Answer 4

passed vertically from parent to child where both the parent and the child are affected by the trait

Question 5

recessive gene

Answer 5

A trait that is apparent (visible) only when 2 recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited

Question 6

recessive gene example

Answer 6

red hair, blonde hair, rolling “r”,

Question 7

dominant gene example

Answer 7

eye color, blood type

Question 8

piaget stages of consciousness

Answer 8

saw children as little scientists, exploring their world, and learning as a way of adapting to their environment

Question 9

sensorimotor stage

Answer 9

0-2, Develop object permanence, Understand the world through
senses and motor actions

Question 10

preoperational stage

Answer 10

2-7, Understand intuitive relations, egocentric

Question 11

concrete operational stage

Answer 11

7-11, Can do logical operations, understand reversibility, no abstract thought

Question 12

formal operational stage

Answer 12

12+, Cando abstract and hypothetical reasoning, Can reason contrary to experience

Question 13

object permanence

Answer 13

An object exists even when it is
not in sight, peek-a-boo

Question 14

egocentricity

Answer 14

The inability to see the world through anyone else’s eyes

Question 15

abstract reasoning

Answer 15

ability to solve problems, identify patterns, and work with logical systems

Question 16

scaffolding

Answer 16

Children learn when adults or older children help them learn, less and less help overtime

Question 17

zone of proximal development

Answer 17

What a child can do
alone vs. with the help of a teacher

Question 18

attachment

Answer 18

Close emotional bond between an infant and caregiver

Question 19

secure attachment

Answer 19

Cry or protest at departure, greet mother happily at arrival, secure
base (70%)

Question 20

avoidant attachment

Answer 20

Do not cry at departure; avoid mother at arrival; anger and do not
seek support (20%)

Question 21

ambivalent attachment

Answer 21

Very anxious before mother leaves, very upset at departure, seek
contact at arrival but also show resistance (10%)

Question 22

disorganized

Answer 22

Show inconsistent, contradictory behaviors from other types;
confusion

Question 23

strange situation task

Answer 23

recreating the flow of the familiar and unfamiliar presence in most children’s lives

Question 24

infant

Answer 24

trust VS mistrust

Question 25

toddler

Answer 25

autonomy Vs shame/doubt

Question 26

preschooler

Answer 26

initiative VS guilt

Question 27

grade school

Answer 27

industry VS inferiority

Question 28

teenager

Answer 28

identity VS role confusion

Question 29

young adult

Answer 29

intimacy Vs isolation

Question 30

middle age adult

Answer 30

generativity VS stagnation

Question 31

older adult

Answer 31

integrity Vs despair