CH6 STRUCTURE Flashcards
The emergent, consensual
standards that regulate group
members’ behaviors; social
standards
norms
4 types of norms
- prescriptive norms
- proscriptive norms
- descriptive norms
- injunctive norms
norms that define the
socially appropriate way to respond
in a social situation
prescriptive norms
norms that are prohibitions;
they define the types of actions that
should be avoided if at all possible
proscriptive norms
norms that describe what
people usually do, feel, or think in a
particular situation
descriptive norms
norms that are evaluative;
describe the sorts of behaviors that
people ought to perform
injunctive norms
Increase in the number of roles in a
group, accompanied by the gradual
decrease in the scope of these roles
as each one becomes more
narrowly defined and specialized.
role differentiation
3 types of roles
- task role
- relationship/socioemotional role
- individualistic role
roles that focus on the group’s
goals and on the members’ attempts
to support one another as they work.
task roles
roles that improve the nature and
quality of interpersonal relationships
among members
relationship/socioemotional roles
roles where members
emphasize their own needs over the
group’s needs.
individualistic roles
A pattern of change in the
relationship between an individual
and a group that begins when an
individual first considers joining the
group and ends when he or she
leaves it.
group socialization
5 types of members in group socialization
- prospective member
- new member
- full member
- marginal member
- ex member
a type of member prior to joining a group,
individuals may study the
group and the resources it
offers
prospective member
When this type of member choose to enter
(Entry), their commitment
increases and socialization
by the full members begin.
new member
a type of member when the socialization process
does not end when
individuals become full
fledged group members
full member
the group may
force individuals to take on
roles that they do not find
rewarding. Individuals may
fail to meet a group’s
expectations.
divergence — marginal member
the former
full member takes on the role
of a marginal member whose
future in the group is
uncertain.
resocualization — marginal member
individual
once more becomes a full
member of the group;
However, these efforts can
fail.
convergence — marginal member
4 types of role stress
- role ambiguity
- role conflict
- interrole conflict
- person-role conflict
individual
once more becomes a full
member of the group;
However, these efforts can
fail.
role ambiguity
Occupying several roles at
the same time, with the
requirements of each role
making demands on their
time and abilities.
role conflict
Role takers discover that
behaviors associated with
one of their roles are
incompatible with those
associated with another of
their roles.
interrole conflict
When role fit is low, people
do not feel that they can be
themselves in their roles.
person-role conflict
the behaviors
associated with a particular
role are completely
congruent with the values,
attitudes, personality, needs,
or preferences of the person
who must enact the role.
role fit
Connections among the members of
a group provide the basis for the
third component of group
structure—the network of
intermember relations
intermember relations
gradual
rise of some group members to
positions of greater authority,
accompanied by decreases in the
authority exercised by other members
status differentiation
patterns of
liking/disliking, acceptance/rejection,
and inclusion, exclusion among
members
attraction network
Patterns of communication
among group members, like
other structural features of
groups are sometimes
deliberately set in place
when the group is organized
centrality effects
from the
leaders down to the followers
of the group
downward-flowing information
from the
subordinates up to the
superiors.
upward-flowing information
