CH3 INCLUSION AND IDENTITY Flashcards
There are three (3) essential processes that combine to transform the lone individual into
a group member:
- inclusion
- identity
- collectivism
a process in which the single individual
changes from an outsider to an
insider by joining a group
inclusion
a process where group members
begin to think about the good of the
group rather than personal gains
collectivism
a process where individuals change their
conception of who they are to
include their group’s qualities as well
as their own individual qualities
identity
degree of
functional interconnectedness of a
group of people thought to promote
coordinated action for mutual
benefit.
social capital
deliberately excluding
a person or group of people from a
group by ignoring, shunning, or
explicitly banishing them
ostracism
2 reactions by Kipling Williams when someone is ostracized
- fight-or-flight response
- tend-and-befriend response
a response where
- Fighting back against the
exclusion or escaping the
situation
-
Those who fight become
hostile and aggressive when
rejected.
-
Others accept their rejection
passively and withdraw from
the group.
fight-or-flight response
a response where
- Nurture, protect, and support others
- Take steps to strengthen
their interpersonal relations
tend-and-befriend response
indicator of
acceptance into groups rather than
an index of one’s sense of personal
value
according to the socio-meter theory by mark leary
self-esteem
2 types of social relations
- exchange relationships (for individualists)
- communal relationships (for collectivists)
a type of social relation where interpersonal association
between individuals based
on each person’s desire to
increase the rewards they
receive from others in the
relationship
exchange relationship
a type of social relation concerned with what their
group receives than own
personal outcomes
communal relationships
enjoins
members to pay back in kind what
others give to them.
norm of reciprocity
2 types of reciprocity norm
- equity norm
- equality norm
group members
should receive outcomes in
proportion to their inputs.
equity norm
all group
members, irrespective of their
inputs, should be given an equal
share of the payoff
equality norm
An agreement that obligates the
individual to support the “general
will” of society as an “indivisible part
of the whole”
social contract
strive
to extract all the resources they can
while minimizing their contribution of
personal resources.
self-serving (ego-centric)
strive to increase the wellbeing of
the community as a whole.
group-serving (sociocentric)
- ## “me” component of the self-concept
- Unique, individualistic
qualities—traits, beliefs, skills, etc
personal identity
- ## “we” component of the self-conceptQualities that spring from
membership in a vast array of social
groups
social identity (collective identity)
2 components of the group-level self
- relational self
- collective self
- Ties to other people
- Ex. Father, husband,
employee, community leader
relational self
- Membership in larger groups
and categories
-
Ex. Christian, man, Filipino,
resident of CDO
collective self
- Emotionally detached from their
groups
-
Own personal goals above the goals
of the group
-
Value equality, social justice, and
self-reliance.
independents (idiocentrics)
- Put groups’ goals and needs above
their own.
-
Respectful of other members
-
Value their membership in groups,
friendships, and traditions.
interdependents (allocentrics)
Most people probably have at least
three (3) fundamental needs according to marilyn brewer’s optimal distinctiveness theory
- Need to be Assimilated by the
Group - Need to be Connected to
Friends and Loved Ones - Need for Autonomy and
Differentiation
what are variations in collectivism
- cultural differences
- regional and ethnic differences
Attempt to understand the causes of
conflict between groups
social identity theory
two cognitive processes according to social identity theory
- categorization
- identification
a cognitive process in social identity theory that combine to
transform a group membership into
an identity
identification
people
quickly and automatically classify
other people into social categories
social categorization
socially
shared set of cognitive
generalizations (e.g., beliefs,
expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the typical member
of a particular group or social
category.
prototypes/stereotypes
accepting
socially shared generalizations
about the prototypical characteristics
attributed to members of one’s group
as accurate descriptions of oneself.
self-stereotyping
accepting
the group as an extension of the
self, and therefore basing one’s
self-definition on the group’s
qualities and characteristics.
social identification
one of the most
important situational triggers of a
collective self-representation.
Presence of members of the
outgroup
a person’s
overall assessment of that portion of
their self-concept that is based on
their relationships with others and
membership in social groups
collective self-esteem
types of collective self-esteem
- Membership Esteem
- Private Collective Self-Esteem
- Public Collective Self-Esteem
- Identity
The
tendency to look more favorably on
the ingroup; often intensifies
conflicts between groups.
ingroup-outgroup bias
anxiety-provoking belief that others’
perceptions and evaluations will be
influenced by their negative
stereotypes about one’s group which
can, in some cases, interfere with
one’s ability to perform up to one’s
capabilities.
stereotype threat
technical term for such a
change in allegiance (e.g.,
resigning, dropping out,
quitting, breaking up,
resigning, escaping, bailing,
and ditching)
individual mobility
