Ch.6 Chromosomes & Cell Reproduction

Question 1

What is the name of the structure that holds the two sister chromatids together in a chromosome?

Answer 1

Centromere

Question 2

What is the name of the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated?

Answer 2

(S) Synthesis Phase

Question 3

Summarize how prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.

Answer 3

First, DNA is copied into each new cell. Secondly, the cell divides by adding a cell membrane, which is later surrounded by a new cell wall that forms around the
membrane and eventually pinches into 2 separate cells.

Question 4

Differentiate between the G1, G2, and S phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Answer 4

G1 - Cell growth
S - DNA synthesis
G2 - Growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 5

Compare how cytokinesis occurs in animal cells with how it occurs in plant cells.

Answer 5

Animal cells - forms a cleavage furrow for cytokinesis
Plant cells - cell plate forms at the equatorial plane, filling in gaps, then cleaves the cell in two

Question 6

Summarize the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell.

Answer 6

Haploid cell is the result of when human gametes have only one set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes), while Diploid cell forms as result of when a somatic cell contains two sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes).

Question 7

Why are individual chromosomes more difficult to see during interphase than during mitosis?

Answer 7

As they are not coiled up into bundles, but rather tangled; it is not quite visible to spot them.

Question 8

Summarize the events that occur during each of the four stages of mitosis.

Answer 8

1. Prophase - chromosomes condense
2. Metaphase - chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
3. Anaphase - chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of cell
4. Telophase - the cell literally divides into 2 new cells