CH6: Bioenergetics Flashcards
where is glycogen stored?
in the liver and muscle tissue
what is ATP Hydrolysis?
the breakddown of ATP to release energy
Lactate threshold
- the point at which lactate is no longer cleared and begins to enter the blood
- the point at which the CNS and muscle fibers begin to be affected by excess protons
Lactic Acid Cycle
the pathway through which lactate transfers from muscle to liver to be converted to glucose then back to the muscle to be metabolized to lactate
Gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate
What is aerobic metabolism?
formation of ATP in the presence of 02 from two pyruvate molecules yielded from glycolysis
what are the benefits of lactate?
-serves as cotransporter of proton
-slows acidosis, acting as a buffer
-gets converted into glucose via the LACTIC ACID CYCLE (ie gluconeogensis)
what is metabolic acidosis?
when ATP hydrolysis causes the muscle to accumulate more protons (H+) than it can remove
the goal is to minimize H+ accumulation in the muscle tissue IOT prevent decrease in physical performance
when may glycolysis occur?
WITH oxygen (oxidative phosphorylation)
WITHOUT oxygen (anaerobic glycolysis)
Note: both produce more ATP than the phosphagen system
how do fat and glucose affect acid buildup when used as primary fuel sources?
When fat is fuel source–>no acid building.
When glucose is the fuel source–>acid buildup
the byproduct of glycolysis is what?
lactic acid
when is lactate produced?
-when there’s a lack of 02 in mitochondria
-when intensity increase
-recruitment of type II fibers
What is the phosphagen system composed of?
stored ATP + phosphocreatine–which is used to produce more ATP
what happens when stored glucose runs low?
glucose in the bloodstream is forced into the muscle cells in process called glycolysis
where does gluconeogensis mainly occur?
liver
ADP–>ATP uses what enzyme?
ATP Synthase
how long does it take to replenish PC?
15-25min, but really depends on athlete’s fitness level. More fit athlete can take in more 02 which expedites the replenishment.
what are the short and long term effects of metabolic acidosis?
short term: impairs muscle power and energy production
long term: may help the cell recycle ADP faster
Glycolysis
Starts ~7sec into an effort
Produces protons (H+)
Is the process of turning glucose into ATP (glyco=glucose, lysis=making of), and from that glucose come 2 pyruvate molecules which start the oxidative process since glycolysis only lasts 2-3min
what amount of creatine supplementation has been found to be most effective?
3-5g
what is metabolic acidosis?
when ATP hydrolysis causes the muscle to accumulate more protons (H+) than it can remove
Note: the goal of endurance training is…
to develop the body’s ability to use stored fat as a primary fuel source. When fat is fuel source–>no acid building.
When glucose is the fuel source–>acid buildup
ATP–>ADP uses what enzyme?
ATPase
What is the law of conservation of energy
states energy can only be changed, not created or destroyed
