CH4: Skeletal System and Joint Actions

Question 1

5 primary functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

movement
structure & support
protection
storage of calcium
production of blood cells

Question 2

axial vs appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Axial skeleton - 80 bones, consisting of skull, vertebra, rib cage, sternum, sacrum

Appendicular skeleton - 126 bones, consisting of the limbs

Question 3

what are the different sections of vertebrae and how many vertebrae in each section?

Answer 3

cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 5
coccygeal -4

Question 4

Wolff’s Law

Answer 4

theory that bones will adapt to the loads placed upon them

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Answer 5

bone disease characterized by loss in bone density and mass (mainly the spongy bone)

Question 6

2 types of bone

Answer 6

Compact or cortical - hard outer layer
Spongy - soft, porous, inner layr

Question 7

articular cartilage

Answer 7

connective tissue that covers the end of long bones and provides smooth bone-to-bone contact

Question 8

osteoarthritis

Answer 8

bone-on-bone contact resulting in joint pain and stiffness from a loss of articular cartilage

Question 9

talk about cartilage

Answer 9

serves as barrier to pain
doesn’t have its own blood supply, making it slow to heal
usually irreplaceable

Question 10

Role of ligaments

Answer 10

attach bone to bone
passively stabilize and guide a joint
resist excess joint movement
provide propioception of position of joint

Question 11

3 locations of a ligament with respect to joint

Answer 11

1. Extrinsic. outside of joint, such as the LCL which resists Varus stress
2. Intrinsic. ACL and PCL
3. Capsular. continuous with joint capsule, resists Valgus stress by keeping the join approximated

Question 12

3 types of joints

Answer 12

fibrous (immovable)
cartilaginous (slightly movable)
synovial (most movable)

Question 13

types of synovial joints

Answer 13

gliding
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket