Ch 5: The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
What are the smallest blood vessels in the human body?
Capillaries
What has been found to truly help create more muscular support when performing an intense exercise or lift?
Bracing effect of a tight core
What is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body?
Spleen
Peripheral resistance
the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries.
Plasma makes up about what percentage of blood volume?
55%
what is the cardiorespiratory system?
a combination of cardiovascular and respiratory system
what is the circulatory system?
divided into cardiovascular and lymphatic system
Role of cardiovascular system?
to support other bodily systems as it transports gases, nutrients, and wastes to and from cells.
maintains body temp, prevents dehydration and infection
role of lymphatic system?
helps balance fluid, absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, defend against disease
primary functions of the cardiovascular system?
Delivery (O2 and nutrients, for example)
Removal (Co2 and wastes)
Transport (hormones)
maintenance (body temp)
Prevention (infection)
what are the names of the contraction and relaxation phases of the heartbeat?
systole and diastole, respectively
when does blood fill the heart?
during relaxation (diostolic) phase
what is the cardiac cycle?
1 contraction + 1 relaxation of the heart
where does the exchange of gases, nutrients, and water occur?
capillaries
what 3 factors affect blood pressure?
- Cardiac output- the amount of blood pumped per minute. This is calculated by heartbeat x stroke volume
- Blood volume - the total volume of blood in the body
- Peripheral resistance - amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries
types of blood cells and their roles
red - carries O2 from lungs to body and Co2 from body to lungs
white - fights bacteria, viruses, foreign cells
platelets - factor in blood clotting
Lymphatic system is part of what system?
circulatory system
What does the lymphatic system do?
B.A.D.
Balances fluid
Absorbs fat-soluble vitamins
Defends against disease and infection
components of the lymphatic system
- Lymph nodes - filter lymph, remove pathogens, create antibodies
- Tonsils - protect against pathogens introduced in the mouth or nose
- Spleen - largest lymphatic orgn in body. Filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir. Red blood cell homeostasis
- Thymus - Manage and mature T-cells. Replaced by fat after puberty
Main functions of respiratory system
provide O2 for metabolic processes
remove waste products of metabolism
regulate pH of blood
what is External respiration
is the exchange of gases b/w lungs and blood
what is internal respiration?
when O2 is transferred to woring cells and CO2 is removed
what is hemoglobin?
carries O2 and CO2 to and from cells
what is aerobic metabolism?
breakdown of sugar (glucose) by O2 at the cellular level
the average adult breathes how many times per minute?
10-20
What are the factors influencing lung volume and capacity?
Age - lung capacity decreases with age
Sex - Female hormones lower aerobic power and pulmonary function
Body build - smaller bodies have smaller lung capacity
Physical conditioning - lung capacity/volume increases with exercise
What is VO2 max?
the max amount of O2 the body can use during exercise
why is VO2 important?
because the more O2 the body can produce the more ATP can be produced to fuel that exercise
What is the endocrine system?
regulates growth, development, homeostasis, reproduction and metabolism through chemical messengers called hormones
3 major structures in the endocrine system are?
- Exocrine glands
- Endocrine glands
- Hormones
Exocrine glands include what?
sweat glands
mammary glands (milk producing)
digestive glands
sebaceous glands (oil producing)
endocrine glands include what?
hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
Hypothalamus
endocrine gland
maintains homeostasis
pineal gland
endocrine gland
secretes melatonin
pituitary gland
endocrine gland
produces hormones (eg oxytocin, growth hormone) that control other parts of endocrine system
thyroid
endocrine gland
regulates metabolism
parathyroid
endocrine gland
4 in total. they regulate calcium levels
thymus
endocrine gland
active only during puberty before it turns into fat
adrenal glands
endocrine gland
attached to kidneys
helps the body respond to stress
pancreas
endocrine gland
maintain blood glucose balance
ovaries
endocrine gland
secrete hormones for reproductive development and fertility
testes
endocrine gland
maintain reproductive health
what are hormones made up of?
amino acids, lipids or peptides (chains of amino acids)
what’s the role of the small intestine vs large intestine?
the small intestine absorbs nutrients
the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes left over and pushes chyme to be eliminated
role of Liver
store fat soluble vitamins
detox and filter
metabolism of C/F/P
role of gallbladder?
store bile for digestion
what does bile do?
helps in digestion and absorption of fats
Pancreas
plays major role in digestion
endocrine and exocrine functions
