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S&C > Ch 5: The Cardiorespiratory System > Flashcards

Ch 5: The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the smallest blood vessels in the human body?

A

Capillaries

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2
Q

What has been found to truly help create more muscular support when performing an intense exercise or lift?

A

Bracing effect of a tight core

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3
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ in the human body?

A

Spleen

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4
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries.

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5
Q

Plasma makes up about what percentage of blood volume?

A

55%

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6
Q

what is the cardiorespiratory system?

A

a combination of cardiovascular and respiratory system

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7
Q

what is the circulatory system?

A

divided into cardiovascular and lymphatic system

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8
Q

Role of cardiovascular system?

A

to support other bodily systems as it transports gases, nutrients, and wastes to and from cells.

maintains body temp, prevents dehydration and infection

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9
Q

role of lymphatic system?

A

helps balance fluid, absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, defend against disease

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10
Q

primary functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Delivery (O2 and nutrients, for example)
Removal (Co2 and wastes)
Transport (hormones)
maintenance (body temp)
Prevention (infection)

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11
Q

what are the names of the contraction and relaxation phases of the heartbeat?

A

systole and diastole, respectively

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12
Q

when does blood fill the heart?

A

during relaxation (diostolic) phase

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13
Q

what is the cardiac cycle?

A

1 contraction + 1 relaxation of the heart

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14
Q

where does the exchange of gases, nutrients, and water occur?

A

capillaries

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15
Q

what 3 factors affect blood pressure?

A
  1. Cardiac output- the amount of blood pumped per minute. This is calculated by heartbeat x stroke volume
  2. Blood volume - the total volume of blood in the body
  3. Peripheral resistance - amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries
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16
Q

types of blood cells and their roles

A

red - carries O2 from lungs to body and Co2 from body to lungs

white - fights bacteria, viruses, foreign cells

platelets - factor in blood clotting

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17
Q

Lymphatic system is part of what system?

A

circulatory system

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18
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

B.A.D.

Balances fluid
Absorbs fat-soluble vitamins
Defends against disease and infection

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19
Q

components of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Lymph nodes - filter lymph, remove pathogens, create antibodies
  2. Tonsils - protect against pathogens introduced in the mouth or nose
  3. Spleen - largest lymphatic orgn in body. Filters blood and acts as a blood reservoir. Red blood cell homeostasis
  4. Thymus - Manage and mature T-cells. Replaced by fat after puberty
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20
Q

Main functions of respiratory system

A

provide O2 for metabolic processes
remove waste products of metabolism
regulate pH of blood

21
Q

what is External respiration

A

is the exchange of gases b/w lungs and blood

22
Q

what is internal respiration?

A

when O2 is transferred to woring cells and CO2 is removed

23
Q

what is hemoglobin?

A

carries O2 and CO2 to and from cells

24
Q

what is aerobic metabolism?

A

breakdown of sugar (glucose) by O2 at the cellular level

25
Q

the average adult breathes how many times per minute?

A

10-20

26
Q

What are the factors influencing lung volume and capacity?

A

Age - lung capacity decreases with age
Sex - Female hormones lower aerobic power and pulmonary function
Body build - smaller bodies have smaller lung capacity
Physical conditioning - lung capacity/volume increases with exercise

27
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

the max amount of O2 the body can use during exercise

28
Q

why is VO2 important?

A

because the more O2 the body can produce the more ATP can be produced to fuel that exercise

29
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

regulates growth, development, homeostasis, reproduction and metabolism through chemical messengers called hormones

30
Q

3 major structures in the endocrine system are?

A
  1. Exocrine glands
  2. Endocrine glands
  3. Hormones
31
Q

Exocrine glands include what?

A

sweat glands
mammary glands (milk producing)
digestive glands
sebaceous glands (oil producing)

32
Q

endocrine glands include what?

A

hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

endocrine gland
maintains homeostasis

34
Q

pineal gland

A

endocrine gland
secretes melatonin

35
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland
produces hormones (eg oxytocin, growth hormone) that control other parts of endocrine system

36
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland
regulates metabolism

37
Q

parathyroid

A

endocrine gland
4 in total. they regulate calcium levels

38
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland
active only during puberty before it turns into fat

39
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine gland
attached to kidneys
helps the body respond to stress

40
Q

pancreas

A

endocrine gland
maintain blood glucose balance

41
Q

ovaries

A

endocrine gland
secrete hormones for reproductive development and fertility

42
Q

testes

A

endocrine gland
maintain reproductive health

43
Q

what are hormones made up of?

A

amino acids, lipids or peptides (chains of amino acids)

44
Q

what’s the role of the small intestine vs large intestine?

A

the small intestine absorbs nutrients
the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes left over and pushes chyme to be eliminated

45
Q

role of Liver

A

store fat soluble vitamins
detox and filter
metabolism of C/F/P

46
Q

role of gallbladder?

A

store bile for digestion

47
Q

what does bile do?

A

helps in digestion and absorption of fats

48
Q

Pancreas

A

plays major role in digestion
endocrine and exocrine functions

S&C (9 decks)

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