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BI-100/L > CH5: POPULATIONS & COMMUNITIES > Flashcards

CH5: POPULATIONS & COMMUNITIES Flashcards

1
Q

in order to feed an animal on the next level of the trophic pyramid, you need to have a squared number of the level below it

A

Rule of Squares

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2
Q

the science of modeling changes in species abundance

A

Population Biology

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3
Q

what things control populations?

A

mortality
reproductive rates
resources
competition
disease
accident

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4
Q

all the MEMBERS of a SPECIES within a particular area

(ex: all of the bluefin tuna in the atlantic)

A

Populations

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5
Q

How do species get to island?

A

walking
flying
hitchhiking (ex: accidentally on colonial ships)
rafting
ballooning
evolving (flightless birds)

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6
Q

how old is Guam?
how long has it been above water?

A

44M years
5M years

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7
Q

Since oceanic islands have no historical continental connection, species arrive by:

A

human activity (introduced)
natural means (indigenous)
evolution (endemic)

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8
Q

true or false
all individuals alive today are a part of a successful line of established ancestors

A

true

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9
Q

What is the population growth equation?

A

N = Birth + Immigration - Deaths - Emigration

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10
Q

S shaped population curve that shows growth and applies to all populations

A

Sigmoid Curve

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11
Q

slow but positive growth at low N (B>D)

A

Lag Phase

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12
Q

population increases rapidly over short time as N gets larger (B>D)
rapid growth because more people = more babies

A

Exponential Phase

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13
Q

population reaches the carrying capacity and growth slows down (B=D)

A

Stationary Phase

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14
Q

how much resources can sustain that population

influenced by predators, disease, limited resources, etc

where growth slows down and stabilizes

A

Carrying Capacity

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15
Q

the maximum reproductive rate of an organism, given unlimited resources and the ideal environmental conditions (only applies to females)

A

Biotic Potential

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16
Q

population exceeds K then lowers then exceeds again and lowers…

A

Boom-and-Bust population

17
Q

ability for a species to increase its population size if all offspring survive to reproduce in their parents turn

A

Biotic Potential / Fecundity

18
Q

the time required for a population to double in number

A

Doubling Time

19
Q

the statistical study of populations

A

Demography

20
Q

lots of babies but then decline as age go up; more than half of pop is juveniles

babies die young, poor healthcare, often poor countries

bad because more kids than working class

A

Rapid Growth

21
Q

pretty consistent growth

stable working class, having some kids, low mortality

good because enough kids to replace working class

A

Stable Growth

22
Q

large working class but not a lot of kids

bad because no kids to replace working class so industries can’t be sustained

A

Declining Growth

23
Q

all the species populations in a habitat and their interactions

A

Communities

24
Q

living together

A

Symbiosis

25
Q

win / win symbiosis

A

Mutualism

26
Q

win / lose symbiosis

A

Parasitism

27
Q

win / not affected

A

Commensalism

28
Q

organisms in a symbiotic association

A

Symbionts

29
Q

how do we measure populations?

A

Census
Transects/Quadrats/Plots
Mark-Recapture Methods

30
Q

number of organisms per unit area

A

Biomass

31
Q

where does primary production happen in the ocean?

A

fleshy encrusting algae
corals

32
Q

members of a species in one area

A

Population

33
Q

all the species (populations) in one area

A

Community

34
Q

communities grow from simple to complex

gradual sequential regrowth of a community; predictable flow of colonization

A

Succession

35
Q

Community developed in a previously uncolonized substrate

A

Primary Succession

36
Q

replacement of species after disruption and destruction

succession on somewhere that was previously colonized

A

Secondary Succession

37
Q

stable endpoint of succession (large old trees, naturally developed area, etc)

A

Climax Community

BI-100/L (6 decks)

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