CH5: POPULATIONS & COMMUNITIES Flashcards

1
Q

in order to feed an animal on the next level of the trophic pyramid, you need to have a squared number of the level below it

A

Rule of Squares

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2
Q

the science of modeling changes in species abundance

A

Population Biology

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3
Q

what things control populations?

A

mortality
reproductive rates
resources
competition
disease
accident

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4
Q

all the MEMBERS of a SPECIES within a particular area

(ex: all of the bluefin tuna in the atlantic)

A

Populations

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5
Q

How do species get to island?

A

walking
flying
hitchhiking (ex: accidentally on colonial ships)
rafting
ballooning
evolving (flightless birds)

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6
Q

how old is Guam?
how long has it been above water?

A

44M years
5M years

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7
Q

Since oceanic islands have no historical continental connection, species arrive by:

A

human activity (introduced)
natural means (indigenous)
evolution (endemic)

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8
Q

true or false
all individuals alive today are a part of a successful line of established ancestors

A

true

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9
Q

What is the population growth equation?

A

N = Birth + Immigration - Deaths - Emigration

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10
Q

S shaped population curve that shows growth and applies to all populations

A

Sigmoid Curve

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11
Q

slow but positive growth at low N (B>D)

A

Lag Phase

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12
Q

population increases rapidly over short time as N gets larger (B>D)
rapid growth because more people = more babies

A

Exponential Phase

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13
Q

population reaches the carrying capacity and growth slows down (B=D)

A

Stationary Phase

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14
Q

how much resources can sustain that population

influenced by predators, disease, limited resources, etc

where growth slows down and stabilizes

A

Carrying Capacity

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15
Q

the maximum reproductive rate of an organism, given unlimited resources and the ideal environmental conditions (only applies to females)

A

Biotic Potential

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16
Q

population exceeds K then lowers then exceeds again and lowers…

A

Boom-and-Bust population

17
Q

ability for a species to increase its population size if all offspring survive to reproduce in their parents turn

A

Biotic Potential / Fecundity

18
Q

the time required for a population to double in number

A

Doubling Time

19
Q

the statistical study of populations

A

Demography

20
Q

lots of babies but then decline as age go up; more than half of pop is juveniles

babies die young, poor healthcare, often poor countries

bad because more kids than working class

A

Rapid Growth

21
Q

pretty consistent growth

stable working class, having some kids, low mortality

good because enough kids to replace working class

A

Stable Growth

22
Q

large working class but not a lot of kids

bad because no kids to replace working class so industries can’t be sustained

A

Declining Growth

23
Q

all the species populations in a habitat and their interactions

A

Communities

24
Q

living together

25
win / win symbiosis
Mutualism
26
win / lose symbiosis
Parasitism
27
win / not affected
Commensalism
28
organisms in a symbiotic association
Symbionts
29
how do we measure populations?
Census Transects/Quadrats/Plots Mark-Recapture Methods
30
number of organisms per unit area
Biomass
31
where does primary production happen in the ocean?
fleshy encrusting algae corals
32
members of a species in one area
Population
33
all the species (populations) in one area
Community
34
communities grow from simple to complex gradual sequential regrowth of a community; predictable flow of colonization
Succession
35
Community developed in a previously uncolonized substrate
Primary Succession
36
replacement of species after disruption and destruction succession on somewhere that was previously colonized
Secondary Succession
37
stable endpoint of succession (large old trees, naturally developed area, etc)
Climax Community