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BI-100/L > CH1: ISLANDS, PEOPLE, & KNOWLEDGE > Flashcards

CH1: ISLANDS, PEOPLE, & KNOWLEDGE Flashcards

1
Q

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION, DISTURBANCE, AND HUMAN INTERFERENCE WITH THE NATURAL WORLD

A

Environmental Damage

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2
Q

TOO MANY PEOPLE; CONSEQUENCES: ECONOMIC LOSS, HEALTH IMPACTS, SOCIAL DISRUPTION

A

Overpopulation

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3
Q

USE AND ABUSE OF NON-RENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE NATURAL ____________

A

Resources

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4
Q

VALUES, RIGHTS, AND OBLIGATIONS OF HUMANS TO THE ENVIRONMENT ESPECIALLY IN REGARDS TO PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY

A

Environmental Ethics

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5
Q

value based on USEFULNESS of something TO human welfare
(ex: trees for wood, houses, clothes, clean air, etc.)

A

Utilitarian Values

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6
Q

value based on an appreciation of BEAUTY
(ex: beaches - tourism)

A

Aesthetic Values

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7
Q

related to the utility of something to BOTH humans and other species as well as natural ecosystems
(ex: coral reefs - clean water, habitat, tourism; bees - ecosystem service, pollinate trees, provide fruit)

A

Ecological Values

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8
Q

insists that all entities have inherent worth and a right to exist regardless of the needs of the people; things may not have value now, but may have value in the future. therefore, we must save them in the event they become utilitarian
(ex: cobalt - worthless in 1950s, valuable now for computer chips)

A

Intrinsic Values

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9
Q

latin - “to know”

A

scire

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10
Q

a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge; must be EMPIRICAL and MEASURABLE

A

Scientific Method

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11
Q

the capacity for a particular result to be observed or obtained more than once

A

Reproducibility

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12
Q

repeating studies or tests to verify reliability

A

Replication

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13
Q

deriving testable predictions about specific cases from general principles
(ex: all spiders have 8 legs; a black widow is a spider; a black widow has 8 legs)
GENERAL PREMISES to SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS

A

Deductive Reasoning

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14
Q

inferring general principles from specific examples
(ex: mahi have shown every December for the past 8 years, therefore, they must migrate and show up again this December)
SPECIFIC PREMISE to GENERAL CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION IS NOT ALWAYS TRUE EVEN IF PREMISES ARE TRUE

A

Inductive Reasoning

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15
Q

the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data

useful way to assess patterns and numbers can measure confidence in observation

measurable data that identifies patterns to help us in everyday life

A

Statistics

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16
Q

“study of the house;” the study of the relationships of organisms and their environment; science of distribution and abundance of organisms

A

Ecology

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17
Q

environmental influences caused by living organisms; predator prey interactions; inter & intraspecific competition for resources; parasitism and infection; reproduction
(ex: house vs mourning geckos for resources in light/dark)

A

Biotic Environment

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18
Q

complex of biotic, climatic, and edaphic factors that act upon an organism and determine its form of survival

A

Biophysical Environment

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19
Q

ecology levels from smallest to largest

A

organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, biosphere

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20
Q

ecology of islands are based on…

A

types of rock and soil that form them; range of elevations above sea level

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21
Q

4 Categories of Islands

A

volcanic, low limestone, raised limestone, continental

22
Q

single volcanic peak rising from sea floor with a fringing reef or sometimes barrier reef
(ex: O’ahu, Bora Bora, Rarotonga, Pohnpei, Chuuk)

A

Volcanic Island

23
Q

made of reef material (coral remains); 1 small island or several forming an atoll on a barrier reef; on tips of volcanoes
(Ex: Marshall Islands, Kiribati atolls, Cocos Island, most of Micronesia and Polynesia)

A

Low Limestone Islands

24
Q

Old coral reefs or atolls are pushed up above sea level
(Ex: Guam, Saipan, Palau, Tongatapu, Nauru

A

Raised Limestone Islands

25
Q

made of rocks characteristic of continent (old, metamorphic, mineral rich) instead of isolated volcanoes
(Ex: New Caledonia, Fiji, Philippines)

A

Continental Islands

26
Q

piece of land surrounded by water less than or equal to 10,000 km2 (based on ecology of the land)

A

Island

27
Q

climate and all other factors that affect organisms at a particular place

A

Habitat

28
Q

isolated land surrounded by water with fewer species and more distinct ecosystems because everything that occur naturally had to fly or be transported

A

Oceanic Island

29
Q

outlying pieces of continent (close by or once a part of)

A

Continental Island

30
Q

built from 1 or more hypotheses that have already been supported by some tests; an explanation of a fairly broad or widespread phenomenon that is widely supported by the results of various experiments and observations and accounts for relevant data; well established; lots of supportive data

A

Theory

31
Q

gap inside coral collar between the shore and outer (barrier) reef

A

Lagoon

32
Q

rim of coral with some reef islands around a shallow lagoon

A

Atoll

33
Q

one that explains underlying causes; often HISTORICAL (evolutionary biology)

A

ultimate questions

34
Q

addresses an immediate cause, things going on right now (functional biology)

A

proximate questions

35
Q

any situation where different individuals are trying to get the same, necessary resource–food, space, mates, etc.

A

Competition

36
Q

use the same resource but do not interact (differ in how fast or efficiently they use it); limited resources

A

Exploitation

37
Q

one individual prevents another from using the resource or limits its access to that resource through fighting or threatening

A

Interference

38
Q

parts of an experiment in which the test factor is not applied or the test factor is at its natural level

A

Experimental Controls

39
Q

some condition that may influence a species in an experiment

A

Factor

40
Q

when two things consistently occur together at the same time or one after the other

A

Correlations

41
Q

when two events occur together but only randomly, not consistently

A

Coincidences

42
Q

all the individuals of one species in a defined area or total anywhere

A

Population

43
Q

all the populations of different species living in the same habitat or geographic place (biological ___________)

A

Ecosystem

44
Q

the places or environmental conditions in which organisms live

A

Habitat

45
Q

study of the environment, particularly the effects of human populations on environmental processes

A

Environmental Biology

46
Q

Why study the Pacific?

A

Interesting natural histories; small with high biodiversity (easily damaged/vulnerable)

47
Q

What are the 2 main rock types?

A

Basalt and Limestone

48
Q

rich in iron and aluminum; denser than continental crust; igneous; VOLCANIC ROCK

A

Basalt

49
Q

skeletons of dead marine organisms; primarily calcium carbonate; sedimentary; made of fossilized coral and dead marine organisms

A

Limestone

50
Q

does not view an ecosystem as a random grouping of communities, populations, etc. confirms them as intrinsically connected and interdependent in varying degrees

A

Ecosystem Approach

51
Q

measure of human demand on the earth’s ecosystem; measured by landmass (how much land is necessary to sustain current levels of resource consumption and waste discharge by that population)

A

Ecological Footprint

52
Q

the animal and plant life of a particular region, habitat, or geological period

A

Biota

BI-100/L (6 decks)

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