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CPT > CH5 Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal Systems > Flashcards

CH5 Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Human movement system (HMS)

A

 The collective of structures that work together to move the body, i.e. muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems

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2
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerves that connects the rest of the body to the CNS

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4
Q

Afferent pathway

A

Sensory pathway that relays info to the CNS

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5
Q

Efferent pathway

A

Motor pathway that relays info from the CNS to the rest of the body 

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6
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Structures that respond to touch and pressure within tissues and send that signal through sensory nerves 

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Nerves serving the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle. responsible for voluntary control of movement.

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8
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of peripheral nervous system, that gives neural input to organs to run the involuntary processes of the body

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9
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Sub division of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state

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10
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sub division of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state

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11
Q

Proprioception

A

The bodies ability to sense it’s general orientation relative to the position of its parts

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12
Q

Muscle spindles

A

Sensory receptors that are sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

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13
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change
A sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle.

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14
Q

Three stages of motor skill development

A

(1) cognitive: simple instructions, breakdown, skill into smaller steps
(2) associative: refine client skills through practice and regular feedback
(3) autonomous: teach new versions of skill to further challenge

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15
Q

Skeletal system

A

206 bones of which 177 are used in voluntary movement

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16
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Consisting of skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. 80 bones.

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17
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consisting of arms, legs, and pelvic girdle. 126 bones

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18
Q

Remodeling

A

Bone constantly renewed by re-absorption information of bone structure

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19
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that break down and remove old bone tissue

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20
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that form and lay down new bone tissue

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21
Q

Types of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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22
Q

Long bone

A

Long cylindrical shaft with a regular or widened ends

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23
Q

Long bone example

A

Humorous, femur

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24
Q

Short bone

A

Similar in length and width look kind of cubicle in shape

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25
Q

Carpals of the wrist, tarsals of the ankle

A

Short bone example

26
Q

Flat bone

A

Thin, protective services, providing broad surface for muscles to attach

27
Q

Flat bone example

A

Scapula, sternum, ribs

28
Q

Irregular bone

A

Unique shape and function from all other bones

29
Q

Vertebrae

A

Irregular bone example

30
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Small, round bones, embedded in joint capsule or found where tendon passes over joint

31
Q

Sesamoid bone example

A

Patella

32
Q

Depressions

A

Flattened or indented portion of bone

33
Q

Processes

A

Projections protruding from the bone, where tendons and ligaments can attach

34
Q

Segments of vertebral column

A

Cervical spine, thoracic, spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coCoccyx

35
Q

Cervical spine

A

First seven vertebrae, starting at top of spinal column
Form, flexible framework provide support and motion for head

36
Q

Thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae located upper and middle back behind ribs
Each vertebrae articulate with the rib helping form rear anchor of rib cage
Larger than cervical vertebrae,
increase in size from top to bottom

37
Q

Lumbar spine

A

Five vertebrae of the low back below thoracic spine
Largest segments in spinal column
Support most of the bodies weight attached to many back muscles.

38
Q

Sacrum

A

Triangular bone located below the lumbar spine
Compose to five vertebrae fused together as a body develops into adulthood

39
Q

Coccyx

A

Below the sacrum
aka tailbone
 Made of 3 to 5 small fused bones

40
Q

 Osteokinematics

A

Movement of limb that is visible

41
Q

Anthro kinematics

A

Description of joint service movement (roll slide spin)

42
Q

Synovial joints

A

a joint with fluid filled joint capsule

43
Q

Nonaxial

A

Gliding joint that moves in only one plane,
back and forth or side to side

44
Q

Non-synovial joints

A

Joints having no joint capsule, fibrous, connective, tissue, or cartilage in the uniting structure

45
Q

Types of muscles

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

46
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Muscle tissue that connects to Barnes and generate force creating movement

47
Q

Facia

A

Connective tissue that surrounds muscles and bones

48
Q

Epimysium

A

Inner layer fascia surrounding entire muscle, a.k.a. deep fascia

49
Q

Fascicles

A

Largest bundle of fibers in muscle. Surrounded by parimysium. 

50
Q

Parimysium

A

Connective tissue surrounding muscle fascicle

51
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue wrapping around individual muscle fibers within a fascicle

52
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bones
overstretched or torn = strain

53
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect phone to bones
Overstretched or torn=sprain

54
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile components of muscle cell
Myofilaments are contained within this .

55
Q

Myofilaments

A

Elements of myofibril
Actin and myosin

56
Q

Actin

A

Thin, stringlike myofilaments
Acts along with myosin to produce contraction

57
Q

Myosin

A

Thick my filament
Acts with Actin to produce contraction

58
Q

Sarcomere

A

Structural unit of myofibril made of actin and myosin between two z lines

59
Q

Motor unit

A

Motor neuron, and all the muscle fibers that it supplies

60
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

 Myosin and actin slide past one, another producing contraction, shortening entire length of sarcomere

61
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch
Small In size
Low force
Resistant to fatigue

62
Q

type 2 muscle fibers

A

Larger in size
High force
Fast fatigue

CPT (7 decks)

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