Ch.5 Food and humans

Question 1

Food provides us with:

• _______ for supporting daily activities and keeping us warm
• raw materials for _______ and _______ of body tissues
• substances that are important for maintaining _______

Answer 1

energy;
growth; repair;
health

Question 2

T/F: Food contains six types of food substances that are essential to health.

Answer 2

F

Food contains seven types of food substances that are essential to health.

Question 3

a) Water b) Proteins c) Carbohydrates
d) Vitamins e) Lipids f) Minerals
g) Dietary fibre

Provides energy: _________
Does not provide energy: _________

Answer 3

Provides energy: b, c, e

Does not provide energy: a, d, f, g

Question 4

Carbohydrates:

• _____saccharides (單糖)
• _____saccharides (雙糖)
• _____saccharides (多糖)

Answer 4

monosaccharides;
disaccharides;
polysaccharides

Question 5

Functions of carbohydrates:

• sugars and s_______ act as the main energy source
• g_________ acts as energy reserves
• c_________ is a source of dietary fibre

Answer 5

starch (澱粉) ;
glycogen (糖原) ;
cellulose (纖維素)

Question 6

Food sources:
_______ - fruits, honey, milk, and table sugar
_______ - rice, wheat, potatoes ang taros

Answer 6

sugars;

starch

Question 7

The commonest type of lipids, ____________, are formed from the condensation of one glycerol and three fatty acids.

Answer 7

triglycerides (甘油三酯)

Question 8

Functions of lipids: (1/2)

• act as energy _________
• fat in adipose tissues around the internal organs acts as a ______ _________
• subcutaneous fat acts as a _____ insulator

Answer 8

reserves;
shock absorber;
heat

Question 9

Functions of lipids: (2/2)

• they are involved in the absorption, transport and storage of lipid-soluble ________
• they are used to produce some _________
• ____________ are the major components of cell membrane

Answer 9

vitamins;
hormones;
phospholipids

Question 10

Food sources of _______ include fatty meat, seeds, nuts, milk and dairy products.

Answer 10

lipids

Question 11

Proteins consist of one or more ____________, which are formed form the condensation of amino acids.

Answer 11

polypeptides (多肽)

Question 12

Functions of proteins:

• used for ________ and _______ of body tissues
• used to produce e_______, antibodies, haemoglobin and some hormones
• broken down to release _______ if carbohydrates and fat stored are used up

Answer 12

growth; repair;
enzymes;
energy

Question 13

Food sources of _________ includes meat, fish, eggs, beans, milk and dairy products.

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

Name two minerals which are essential for humans.

Answer 14

Calcium / Iron

Question 15

Functions of calcium:

• a component of ______ and ______
• involved in blood _______, muscle __________ and sending messages in the _______ system

Answer 15

bones; teeth;

clotting; contraction; nervous

Question 16

Deficiency of calcium may cause _______ in children.

Answer 16

rickets (軟骨病)

Question 17

Food sources of ________ include canned sardines, milk, dairy products, tofu and some green vegetables

Answer 17

calcium

Question 18

Iron is a component of ____________.

Answer 18

haemoglobin

Question 19

Deficiency of iron may cause ________.

Answer 19

anaemia (貧血)

Question 20

Food sources of _____ includes beef, liver, beans, cabbage, spinach and raisins.

Answer 20

iron

Question 21

Vitamin A and D are _____-soluble while vitamin C is ______-soluble.

Answer 21

lipid; water

Question 22

Functions of vitamin A:

• needed for the formation of a _______ in the retina
• keeps the _______, skin, _______ of the alimentary canal and _________ system healthy

Answer 22

pigment;

cornea; linings; breathing

Question 23

Deficiency of vitamin A may cause:

• n______ b__________
• drying up of the _______ and skin
• easy infection of the lining of the ______ and trachea

Answer 23

night blindness;
cornea;
lungs

Question 24

Food source of vitamin A:

• _____ _____ oils, liver, eggs, milk and dairy products
• vegetables and fruits containing __________ (e.g. carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes and mangoes)

Answer 24

fish liver;

carotene (胡蘿蔔素)

Question 25

Vitamin D promotes the absorption of ________ and phosphate.

Answer 25

calcium

Question 26

Deficiency of vitamin D may cause _______ in children.

Answer 26

rickets

Question 27

Food sources of vitamin ___: - fatty fish, fish liver oils, liver and egg yolks - produced by the skin under sunlight

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Function of vitamin C: - needed for the _______ and ______ of connective tissues - promotes the absorption of _____ - helps the _______ system work properly

Answer 28

growth; repair; iron; immune

Question 29

Deficiency of vitamin C may cause _______.

Answer 29

scurvy (壞血病)

Question 30

Food sources of vitamin __ include fresh vegetables and fruits.

Answer 30

C

Question 31

Dietary fibre helps faeces pass out of the body by adding bulk to food to stimulate _________ along the gut and holding ______ to make faeces softer.

Answer 31

peristalsis (蠕動) ; water

Question 32

Deficiency of dietary fibre may cause __________.

Answer 32

constipation (便秘)

Question 33

Food sources of _______ _____ include vegetables, fruits and wholemeal (全麥) products.

Answer 33

dietary fibre

Question 34

Functions of water in the body: - as a _________ - as a medium for c________ r________ - as a medium for t_______ - as a c_______ agent to help regulate body temperature - as a major component of l________ fluids

Answer 34

``` reactant; chemical reactions; transport; cooling; lubricating ```

Question 35

Food test of glucose - using a glucose test paper: dip the test end into the food sample) Positive result: _______ of the test end changes

Answer 35

colour

Question 36

What is the food test of reducing sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides except sucrose)?

Answer 36

Benedict's test

Question 37

In Benedict's test, we add an equal volume of Benedict's solution to the food template and ____ the mixture in a water bath for 5 minutes.

Answer 37

boil

Question 38

Positive result of _________ test: a brick-red precipitate(沉澱物) is formed. It proofs the presence of reducing sugar.

Answer 38

Benedict's

Question 39

We use grease spot test (油漬試驗) to identify the presence of _______.

Answer 39

lipids

Question 40

In grease spot test, we put a drop of the food sample onto a piece of ______ paper. We observe whether there is a translucent spot after drying. Then we immerse the spot onto an organic ________ and see if the spot disappears.

Answer 40

filter; solvent

Question 41

Positive result of _______ _____ test: a translucent spot is formed, which disappears after it is immersed into an organic solvent. It proofs the presence of _______.

Answer 41

lipids

Question 42

Food test of proteins - using a protein test paper: dip the test end into the blood sample. Positive result: _______ of the test end changes

Answer 42

colour

Question 43

Food test of vitamin __ - DCPIP test: add the food sample to DCPIP solution drop by drop with gentle shaking Positive result: DCPIP solution ___________

Answer 43

C; | decolourizes (褪色)

Question 44

A balanced diet consists of all the food substances in the right _________ and _____________.

Answer 44

amount; proportion

Question 45

We should maintain a balance between the energy ______ and energy _______ to stay healthy.

Answer 45

input; output

Question 46

There many factors affecting our dietary requirements. For instance, ____, ____, level of __________ and body status.

Answer 46

age; sex; activity

Question 47

Children require the greatest amount of energy per unit body mass. They have the highest _________ rate, growth rate and rate of heat loss.

Answer 47

metabolic

Question 48

Children and teenagers need large amounts of ________, ________ and iron. They are growing actively. These nutrients are needed for building body tissues.

Answer 48

proteins; calcium

Question 49

Males need more energy than females. They have a higher _________ rate, higher rate of heat loss, larger body _____, and more muscular.

Answer 49

metabolic; size

Question 50

Males need more proteins than females. Proteins are needed to build and repair ________.

Answer 50

muscles

Question 51

Females need more iron than males. Iron is needed to replace the loss of iron during ____________.

Answer 51

menstruation (月經)

Question 52

People who are more physically active need more energy. Energy is needed for _________ activities.

Answer 52

muscular

Question 53

Pregnant women need more energy, proteins and iron. Energy and protein are needed for _______ of the foetus. Iron is needed for the formation of foetal ____ ______ cells.

Answer 53

growth; red blood

Question 54

Breast-feeding mothers need an extra supply of various types of nutrients. These nutrients are needed for _____ production.

Answer 54

milk

Question 55

Eating too little implies energy input is { more / less ) than energy output. The body breaks down food ________, resulting in weight loss.

Answer 55

reserves

Question 56

Eating too much implies energy input is ( more / less ) than energy output, resulting in weight gain.

Answer 56

more

Question 57

A person is __________ when the body weight exceeds normal levels. In serious cases, it becomes ________.

Answer 57

overweight; obesity

Question 58

People who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of a number of diseases. Give examples.

Answer 58

Diabetes mellitus / high blood pressure / heart disease / stroke (中風) / arthritis (關節炎)

Question 59

N________ l______ provide information about the energy and nutrient contents of food.

Answer 59

Nutrition labels