CH5 - Consciousness Flashcards
What is CONSCIOUSNESS?
Hint: stimuli and awareness
Awareness of internal/external stimuli.
Subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Three points of CONSCIOUSNESS.
-others cannot know our reality(personal)
-always changing(dynamic)
-our mind is aware of its own consciousness
What ways do we test for consciousness?
-Self reports
-Physiological study
-Behavioral study
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Why do behaviourists dislike the psychodynamic view?
Dislike the idea that people rely on conscious mental processes to explain their behaviour.
What is AWARENESS?
The ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of events.
What is ATTENTION?
Concentration of awareness on some phenomenon in an individuals environment.
What is INATTENTION BLINDNESS?
Stimuli that is registered in the nervous but you are not aware of it.
In simpler terms, being very focused on one task that you are not consciously aware of events happening around you.
What influences our attention?
-Nature of stimulus
-Persons mood
-Personal motivation and interest
-Personal experience
What regulates our sleep and how?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleas (SCN), signals the pineal gland to release melatonin.
Stage 1 of sleep:
transition to light sleep
Stage 2 of sleep:
going into deeper sleep, sleep spindles
What are SLEEP SPINDLES?
1-2 seconds of rapid brain activity
Stage 3-4 of sleep:
Hint: not REM
Slow wave sleep where delta waves appear
Stage 5 of sleep:
REM sleep
What are the 3 reasons for why we sleep?
-evolved to conserve organisms’ energy
-laying still while sleeping because of reduced danger
-sleep helps animals restore energy and other bodily resources
What is the function of SLOW-WAVE sleep?
-restores the brain
What is the function of REM sleep?
protects consolidation
What is SLEEP DEPRIVATION?
missing required amount of sleep for one or more days
What can sleep deprivation cause?
Can cause cognitive defects.
What is SLEEP DEBT?
accumulated sleep loss over time
What are the SIX sleep disorders learned in lecture?
-Insomnia+Hypersomnia
-Narcolepsy
-Sleep Apnea
-Nightmares vs night terrors
-REM sleep disorder
-Slow-wave sleep disorder
What is INSOMNIA?
The inability to fall asleep/remain asleep.
What is Hypersomnia?
Excessive sleepiness
What is NARCOLEPSY?
falling asleep uncontrollably
What is SLEEP APNEA?
reflexive gasping for air that wakes up the sleeper
NIGHTMARES vs NIGHT TERRORS
Hint: one usually occures during REM and the other usually does not
-NIGHTMARES are anxiety-arousing dreams that usually occur during REM sleep.
-NIGHT TERRORS are intense arousal and panic that occur usually in non REM sleep
What is RBD?
RBD: Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder
acting out the contents of a dream
What are some Slow-wave sleep disorders? (3)
-SOMNAMBULISM: sleep walking
-NIGHT TERRORS
-BEDWETTING
What are DREAMS?
mental experiences during sleep
What is Freud’s Dream Protection Theory?
-dreams are guardians of sleep
-unable to repress sexual and aggressive instincts during sleep
-disguises sexual and aggressive impulses as symbols that represent wish fulfillment in dreams
What is Activation-Synthesis Theory?
Hint:related to dreams
dreams reflect brain activation rather than repressed desire
What is Evolutionary Hypothesis of Dreams?
-dreams have biological significance.
-we dream about things related to survival to improve one’s ability to perceive and avoid threats when awake
What is a COGNITIVE PROCESS DREAM THEORY?
That dreaming uses the same mental framework as waking thought.
What is HYPNOSIS?
a procedure that makes a person more inclined to follow a suggestion
What effects are produced through hypnosis?
-Anesthesia
-Sensory distortions and hallucinations
-Disinhibition, inability to withold inappropriate comment or behaviour
-Posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia
What is Disinhibition?
- when you are unable to withhold an inappropriate or unwanted behaviour
What is MEDITATION?
training attention to increase awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
What are PSYCHOACTIVE drugs?
Drugs with the same chemicals found naturally in our brain
What are AGONISTS?
Drugs that increase the activity of a neurotransmitter.
What are ANTAGONISTS?
Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter.
What is TOLERANCE?
The decrease of responsiveness to a drug over time
What is WITHDRAWAL?
A response compensating for the lack of affects from using drugs/alchohol.
What are the different categories of drugs?
-Narcotics(opiates)
-Sedatives
-Stimulants
-Hallucinogens
-Cannabis
-Alcohol
