Ch11 - Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Define

Motivation

Answer 1

Internal causes of purposeful behaviour

Question 2

Define

Instinct

Answer 2

The innate tendency to seek a particular goal

Question 3

Drive Theory

Define Homeostasis

Answer 3

An internal state of physiological equilibrium or stability

Question 4

Drive Theory

Define Drive

Answer 4

An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities to reduce tension

Question 5

Define

Basal metabolism

resting metabolism

Answer 5

Energy required for base cell operation

Question 6

Define

Set point

Answer 6

Biologically determined physiological standard around which fat mass is regulated

Question 7

What is glucose?

Answer 7

Simple sugar that serves as an immediate source of energy

Question 8

What is Ghrelin?

Answer 8

Increases feelings of hunger and leads to eating behaviours

Question 9

What is Neuropeptide Y?

Answer 9

Stimulates food intake

Question 10

What is CCK?

Cholecystokinin

Answer 10

Decreases feelings of hunger, reduces food intake

Question 11

What is leptin?

Answer 11

Hormone secreted by fat (adipose) cells

Question 12

Incentive Theory

What is incentive?

Answer 12

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour

Question 13

Expectancy Theory

What is expectancy theory?

motivation = expectancy x incentive value

Answer 13

Goal directed behaviour that are driven by expectation that behaviour leads to goal and value person places on goal

Question 14

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 14

Performing an activity because you enjoy it

Question 15

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 15

Performing activity to obtain external reward or to avoid punishment

Question 16

What is psychodynamic theory?

Answer 16

Behaviour driven by anxiety created by the conflict between unconscious instincts and our internal defenses

Question 17

Humanistic theory

What are deficiency needs?

Answer 17

Things concerned with physical and social survival

Question 18

Humanistic Theory

What are growth needs?

Answer 18

Unique to humans; push us to develop our potential

Question 19

What is the hedonic principle?

Answer 19

People are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Question 20

What are emotions?

Answer 20

Mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experiences

Question 21

What is appraisal?

Answer 21

Evaluation of emotion-relevant components of a stimulus

Question 22

What is the HPA?

Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis

Answer 22

How the brain affects the immune system and is affected during times of stress

Question 23

What are instrumental behaviours?

Answer 23

Actions directed at achieving a goal

Question 24

What are action tendencies?

Answer 24

Tendency to engage in specific emotion-relevant behaviours

Question 25

Early theories of emotion

James-Lange Theory

Answer 25

Eliciting stimuli triggers autonomic nervous system, which produces emotionla experience in the brain

Question 26

Early theories of emotion

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 26

Autonomic response and conscious emotion occur simultaneously and independently

Question 27

Early theories of emotion

Schachter and Singer’s Two Factor Theory

Answer 27

Eliciting stimuli triggers a general state of physiological arousal we then interpret as a specific emotion

Question 28

Discrete emotions theory

Answer 28

Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, even if they combine in complex ways