Ch11 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
Define
Motivation
Internal causes of purposeful behaviour
Define
Instinct
The innate tendency to seek a particular goal
Drive Theory
Define Homeostasis
An internal state of physiological equilibrium or stability
Drive Theory
Define Drive
An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities to reduce tension
Define
Basal metabolism
resting metabolism
Energy required for base cell operation
Define
Set point
Biologically determined physiological standard around which fat mass is regulated
What is glucose?
Simple sugar that serves as an immediate source of energy
What is Ghrelin?
Increases feelings of hunger and leads to eating behaviours
What is Neuropeptide Y?
Stimulates food intake
What is CCK?
Cholecystokinin
Decreases feelings of hunger, reduces food intake
What is leptin?
Hormone secreted by fat (adipose) cells
Incentive Theory
What is incentive?
An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behaviour
Expectancy Theory
What is expectancy theory?
motivation = expectancy x incentive value
Goal directed behaviour that are driven by expectation that behaviour leads to goal and value person places on goal
What is intrinsic motivation?
Performing an activity because you enjoy it
What is extrinsic motivation?
Performing activity to obtain external reward or to avoid punishment
What is psychodynamic theory?
Behaviour driven by anxiety created by the conflict between unconscious instincts and our internal defenses
Humanistic theory
What are deficiency needs?
Things concerned with physical and social survival
Humanistic Theory
What are growth needs?
Unique to humans; push us to develop our potential
What is the hedonic principle?
People are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain
What are emotions?
Mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experiences
What is appraisal?
Evaluation of emotion-relevant components of a stimulus
What is the HPA?
Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
How the brain affects the immune system and is affected during times of stress
What are instrumental behaviours?
Actions directed at achieving a goal
What are action tendencies?
Tendency to engage in specific emotion-relevant behaviours
Early theories of emotion
James-Lange Theory
Eliciting stimuli triggers autonomic nervous system, which produces emotionla experience in the brain
Early theories of emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory
Autonomic response and conscious emotion occur simultaneously and independently
Early theories of emotion
Schachter and Singer’s Two Factor Theory
Eliciting stimuli triggers a general state of physiological arousal we then interpret as a specific emotion
Discrete emotions theory
Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, even if they combine in complex ways
