Ch.5 Flashcards
Perhaps the most important preinterview activity is identifying the type of witness being interviewed. Generally speaking, witnesses can be classified as _____, _____ or _____.
- Friendly
- Neutral
- Hostile
The first stage in an interview process consists of various preinterview activities to ensure that the most factual and valid information is gathered from witnesses:
- Identifying Witnesses
- Separating Witnesses
- Gathering Background Information
- Selecting an Interview Location
- Considering Questions to be Asked
- Identifying the Type of Witness
Interviewing Special Witnesses
Following are various types of special witnesses commonly encountered by investigators:
- Mentally Impaired Witnesses
- Intoxicated Witnesses
- Elderly Witnesses
- Physically Disabled Witnesses
- Juvenile Witnesses
- Confidential Informant (CI) Witness
- Gang and Drug Trade Witnesses
One of the most widely used and effective interrogation techniques is the ___ __________ _______, initially developed in 1947 by John Reid and his associates as an alternative to the polygraph machine. These are the following techniques:
Reid Nine-Step Technique
- Direct Positive Confrontation
- Theme Development
- Handling Denials
- Overcoming Excuses
- Keeps the Suspects Attention
- Suspect Submission
- Offering Choices
- Obtaining Crime Details
- The Confession
___ ______ ______(NLP) assumes that certain involuntary verbal reactions from suspects as well as body and eye movements can be used to identify when suspects are being deceptive during an interrogation session.
Neuro Linguistic Programming
Those who utilize the NLP method of interrogation claim that most suspects (__-__ percent) process information visually, followed by auditory means (__-___ percent) and kinesthetic means (__-__ percent).
(45-60)
(20-45)
(10-15)
Various involuntary eye movements indicating modality include the following:
- Visual: movements to the upper right or left of center direction at a 45 degree angle
- Auditory: movements straight across either eight or left of center direction when thinking or recalling.
- Kinesthetic: movements down and to the right of center during thought or recall, or centered up and down
Interrogation Profiling
Offenders can be profiled as one of the four following types:
- Real Need
- Lifestyle
- Impulsive
- Esteem
The ___ ___ offender usually acts alone, is a first-time offender, and commits a spontaneous, opportunistic act.
Real Need
_____ offenders are methodical and commit well planned crimes that protect or support their social status. Do not have accomplices, they have outgoing personalities, and are well liked and are seldom suspected by others as criminals.
Lifestyle
_____ offenders commit crimes of opportunity, are spontaneous, and usually lash out at their target in some type of emotional boil over. They usually have aggressive personalities and act alone.
Impulsive
_____ offenders commit crime as a psychological means of proving their self worth. In many cases, it is the fear they instill in their victims, rather than the crime itself, that motivates them to offend.
Esteem
Post-Miranda Warning Actions
For suspects who have effectively invoked their Miranda rights to counsel, the Supreme Court has ruled that they have a right to have an attorney present during future interrogations, but the request for a lawyer is good for only ___ days after the suspects release from custody.
14
Approximately __ % of all crimes are eventually resolved by a suspects confession. In addition, about __% of all crime suspects confess during interrogation.
80
50
