Ch. 8 Flashcards
Defining Forensic Science
In the United States there are two prominent tests or standards,or variations thereof, that all courts rely upon: ___ ___ and the _____ ____.
Frye Test
Daubert Test
Legal test used in most states requiring that for any science to be recognized by a court as a legitimate forensic science, it must be generally accepted by a relevant scientific discipline.
Frye Test
Legal test used at the federal level and in some states as an alternative to the frye Test, requiring that for any given forensic science to be recognized as valid by the court, it must be based on scientifically proven evidence.
Daubert Test
Currently, 12 subdisciplines of forensic science are recognized by the National Institute of Justice, the research branch of the U.S. Department of Justice:
- General Toxicology
- Firearm/Tool Marks
- Questioned Evidence
- Trace Evidence
- Controlled Substances
- Fire Debris/Arson
- Impression Evidence
- Biological/Serological Evidence
- Blood Pattern Analysis
- Crime Scene Investigation (CSI)
- Medico-Legal Death Investigations
- Digital Evidence
The physiological and medical reasons for why a death occurred are referred to as the cause of death. In contrast, _____ of death refers to circumstances under which the death occurred and is classified as one of the following:
Manner
- Natural
- Accidental
- Suicidal
- Homicidal
- Undetermined
Forensic Anthropology
Other bones useful in determining an adults age include ____ ____ for persons under 40 years, ____ ____ for persons over 40 years, and the ____ for persons 50 years and under.
Pelvic Bones
Rib Bones
Skull
In the absence of DNA or its match to a person of interest, some of the following characteristics can help individualize human skeletal remains:
(5)
- Dentistry
- Disease
- Surgery
- Trauma
- Use Patterns
