Ch4 Social Cognition/Ch5 Social Attribution Flashcards
social cognition
encoding storage and retrieval, and processing of information in the brain or interpreting, remembering, and understanding info we receive
construal impact
people process and remember social information differently
snap judgments
making complex inferences about motives or personality based on small amounts of information
pluralistic ignorance
when behavior is at variance with beliefs out of concern for social consequence ( being influenced or masking behavior)
self fulfilling prophecy
having an expectation about another person that influences how you act toward them
primary effects
information presented first has an overly large influence
regency effect
information presented last has an overly strong influence
framing effects
the influence on judgments based on how information is presented
temporal framing
action and events are framed within a particular time perspective
construal level framing
things are more desirable when further away rather than closer in time
confirmation bias
tendency to test a proposition by searching for evidence that supports it
bottom driven processing
data-driven, pieced-together information
top down processing
schema driven, filtered based on what you already know
Influences of schemas (3 points)
attention, memory, construral
Inutition
quick, automatic, based on associations, performs many operations simultaneously
reason
slower, more controlled, based on rules and deduction, performs one operation at a time
Heuristics
decision making shortcut
Availability heuristics
based assessment of risk based on something that comes easily to mind and think it’s common
representativeness heuristic
tendency to compare things or individuals to the prototypes in their category
base rate
event/ total number of people, information about relative frequency
attribution theory
people assign causes to the event around us
counterfactual thoughts
thoughts we might have, could have, or should have happened “if only” something had been done differently
casual attribution
linking and event or behavior to a cause to explain the behavior, we attempt to figure our why someone else did something
covariation principle
behavior should be attributed to potential causes to co occur within the behavior
3 parts to covariation principle
consensus, distinctiveness, consistency
discounting principle
if people act in an expected way (based on situation) we tend to discount internal attibution
augmentation principle
if people act out of their role we tend to augment internal attribution
self serving attributional bias
tendency to attribute failures to external causes and success to internal causes
actor-observer difference
difference in attribution based on who is making the casual assessment, actor vs observer
Consensus
Do most people do this in this situation?
Distinctiveness
Does the target person only do this in this particular situation?
Consistency
Does the target person do this all the time, or is this a one time occurrence?
Priming
exposing someone to something to activate a schema, best for affect rather than cognition or behavior
Dual process model Fundamental attribution error
after the initial attribution we characterize them that we reflect and take what we know about the situation and adjust our inference
Difference bw indiviualsitic culture and collectivistic culture and causal attribution
individualistic cultures have a tendency to make personal attribution while collectivistic culture tend to consider situation attributions
High SES vs Low SES and casual attribution
High ses highly independent, low ses highly interdependent( situational causes)
pessimistic explanatory style
internal,stable,global
optimistic explanatory style
external, unstable, specific
