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Psyc 201 > Ch 6 Emotions, 7 Attitude, 8 Persuasion > Flashcards

Ch 6 Emotions, 7 Attitude, 8 Persuasion Flashcards

1
Q

Describe emotions

A

brief and specific psychological and physiological responses

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2
Q

How are moods and emotional disorders different than emotions?

A

moods may not have a specific reason, emotional disorders have biological underpinnings; moods last hours or days and emotional disorders last weeks, months or years

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3
Q

What is the universality of emotions?

A

emotional responses are innate and universal, all humans have the same face muscles and express emotions similarly

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4
Q

What are the 6 universal emotions?

A

happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, and anger

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5
Q

How emotions culturally specific?

A

they can be shown more in the eyes or mouth in different cultures; focal and ideal emotions and display rules

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6
Q

What are the purpose of emotions?

A

they help us interpret out environment and can prompt us to act

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7
Q

What are focal emotions?

A

the emotions that are commonly in a culture ex Mexico-pride Tibet-compassions

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8
Q

What are ideal emotions?

A

the emotions cultures differently value or idealize ex US-excitement East Asia-calmness

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9
Q

What are display rule?

A

rules that govern how, when and to whom people express emotions

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10
Q

How do emotions influence perception?

A

we perceive events in ways that are constant with the emotions we feel in the moment

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11
Q

What is the broaden and build hypothesis?

A

positive emotions broaden our thoughts and. actions, intellectual resources build social resources

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12
Q

What is the social intuitionist model of moral judgement?

A

people have automatic emotional reactions to moral situation which guide moral reactions

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13
Q

What is the moral foundation theory?

A

we asses the morality of behavior based on 5 dimensions

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14
Q

affective forecasting

A

predicting future emotions from an event and and for how long

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15
Q

immune neglect

A

tendency to underestimate our resilience during negative life events (assume things are going to be worse)

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16
Q

focalism

A

tendency to focus on only 1 aspect of an experience or event when trying to predict future emotions

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17
Q

duration neglect

A

length of emotional experience has very little influence on our evaluation of experience

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18
Q

What factors predict happiness?

A

money (to a certain extent) and social relationships

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19
Q

peak moment/ end moment

A

we remembers the best thing that happens and last things that happens and if those are strong can predict happiness

20
Q

What is an attitude?

A

an evaluation of an object or behavior in a positive of negative way

21
Q

ABC of attitude

A

affect (emotional reaction), behavior (knowledge about interactions), cognition (thoughts about attitude)

22
Q

explicit methods of measuring attitudes

A

getting a direct response like self reporting

23
Q

implicit attitudes measuring attitudes

A

indirect measure of attitudes that does not involves self reporting and looks are response time

24
Q

response latency

A

amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus

25
Q

what is the link between attitude and behavior

A

weak link, expressed attitudes don’t predict actual behavior

26
Q

Introspection is misleading

A

introspective contamination affects attitudes (justification)

27
Q

mismatch between general attitudes and specific targets

A

general attitudes do not predict specific behaviors, general-general specific-specific

28
Q

cognitive consistency theory

A

people are motivated to maintain consistency between thought, feelings and behaviors

29
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

inconsistency between thought feelings and actions, leads to effort to restore consistency by either changing attitude or behavior

30
Q

When does cognitive dissonance typically occur?

A

when making decisions, to justify effort, and when being forced

31
Q

when does attitude-behavior inconsistency cause dissonance?

A

when given free choice, insufficient justification, negative consequences, and forseability

32
Q

self perception theory

A

people know their attitudes by looking at their behavior and context to infer attitude

33
Q

dual process model of persuasion

A

peripheral is fast, and automatic central is slower and more deliberate

34
Q

low elaboration

A

not motivated to carefully think, process mindlessly and effortlessly

35
Q

high elaboration

A

motivated and carefully think, process messages deeply and attentively

36
Q

factors influencing central processing

A

personally relevant, knowledgable, argument quality

37
Q

factors influencing peripheral processing

A

issue not personally relevant, tired or distracted, message hard to understand, source attractiveness or expertise

38
Q

identifiable victim effect

A

messages that focus on a single vivid individual are more persuasive than fact based messages

39
Q

attention bias

A

people seek out info that supports preexisting attitudes and avoid info that contradicts

40
Q

previous commitment resistance to persuasion

A

publicly committing to an attitude or intended behavior increases resistance to change

41
Q

thought polarization

A

think about an issue tends to produce more extreme resistant attitudes

42
Q

attitude inoculation

A

resisting a small attack on our attitude makes us feel better able to resist a larger attack

43
Q

Halo effect

A

People you like are assumed to have other good qualities

44
Q

Sleeper effect

A

When a message an unreliable source is rejected at first and as time goes on you forget the source but remember the message

45
Q

Self validation hypothesis

A

Feeling of confidence about our thoughts serve as a form of validation

46
Q

Agenda control

A

Media contributes to shaping the information we think is true and important

47
Q

Shared attention

A

When people believe they are attending to a message simultaneously w/ other people they process it more deeply

Psyc 201 (5 decks)

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