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OB > Ch.4: Personality, Cultural Values, and Ability > Flashcards

Ch.4: Personality, Cultural Values, and Ability Flashcards

1
Q

accomplishment striving

A

a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing one’s personality

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2
Q

ability

A

relatively stable capabilities of people for performing a particular range of related activities

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3
Q

agreeableness

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm

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4
Q

Big Five

A

the five major dimensions of personality: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion

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5
Q

cognitive ability

A

capabilities related to the use of knowledge to make decisions and solve problems

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6
Q

communion striving

A

a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing one’s personality

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7
Q

conscientiousness

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hard-working, and persevering

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8
Q

conscientiousness

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hard-working, and persevering

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9
Q

coordination

A

the quality of physical movement in terms of synchronization of movements and balance

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10
Q

cultural values

A

shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits

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11
Q

cultural values

A

shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits

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12
Q

culture

A

the shared beliefs, values, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations

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13
Q

culture

A

the shared beliefs, values, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations

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14
Q

emotion regulation

A

the ability to recover quickly from emotional experiences

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15
Q

emotional intelligence

A

a set of abilities related to the understanding and use of emotions that affect social functioning

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16
Q

ethnocentrism

A

a propensity to view one’s own cultural values as “right” and those of other cultures as “wrong”

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17
Q

extraversion

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant

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18
Q

flexibility

A

the ability to bend, stretch, twist or reach ??? ? ?? ?

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19
Q

general cognitive ability

A

the general level of cognitive ability that plays an important role in determining the more narrow cognitive abilities

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20
Q

individualism-collectivism

A

the degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (indiv.) or a tight social framework (collect.)

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21
Q

locus of control

A

one’s tendency to view the cause of events and personal outcomes as internally (within their control) or externally (outside of their control) controlled

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22
Q

masculinity-femininity

A

the degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masc.) or stereotypically female traits (fem.)

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23
Q

maximum performance

A

performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person’s best effort

24
Q

negative affectivity

A

a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance

25
Q

neuroticism

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable

26
Q

openness to experience

A

dimension of personality-reflecting traits like being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated

27
Q

other awareness

A

the ability to recognize and understand the emotions that other people are feeling

28
Q

perceptual ability

A

the capacity to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of information

29
Q

personality

A

the structures and propensities inside a person that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour; personality reflects what people are like and creates their social reputation

30
Q

Personnel Assessment Form

A

a measure of verbal ability, quantitative ability, and general cognitive ability that has been successfully applied in work and educational settings.

31
Q

positive affectivity

A

a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation

32
Q

power distance

A

the degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution (low power distance) or an unequal power distribution (high power distance)

33
Q

psychomotor ability

A

capabilities associated with manipulating and controlling objects

34
Q

quantitative ability

A

capabilities associated with doing basic mathematical operations and selecting and applying formulas to solve mathematical problems

35
Q

reasoning ability

A

a diverse set of abilities associated with sensing and solving problems using insight, rules and logic

36
Q

self-awareness

A

the ability to recognize and understand the emotions in oneself

37
Q

sensory ability

A

capabilities associated with vision and hearing

38
Q

short-term vs. long-term orientation

A

the degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term) or future-oriented (long-term)

39
Q

situational strength

A

the degree to which situations have clear behavioural expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important

40
Q

spatial ability

A

capabilities associated with visual and mental representation and manipulation of objects in space

41
Q

status striving

A

a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing one’s personality

42
Q

trait activation

A

the degree to which situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given personality trait

43
Q

traits

A

recurring trends in people’s responses to their environment

44
Q

typical performance

A

performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks

45
Q

uncertainty avoidance

A

the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance)

46
Q

use of emotions

A

the degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of being successful in whatever they are seeking to do

47
Q

verbal ability

A

various capabilities associated with understanding and expressing oral and written communication

48
Q

zero acquaintance situations

A

situations in which two people have just met

49
Q

4.1 - what is personality? what are cultural values? what is ability?

A

personality refers to the structures and propensities inside a person that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour. it also refers to a person’s social reputation - how they are perceived by others.
- cultural values are shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture that influence the expression of traits.
- ability refers to the relatively stable capabilities of people to perform a particular range of different but related activities.
- personality and values capture what people are like (unlike ability, which reflect what people can do.)

50
Q

4.2 - what are the “big five” factors of personality?

A

the “big five” factors of personality include:
- conscientiousness (e.g., dependable, organized, reliable)
- agreeableness (warm, kind, cooperative)
- neuroticism (nervous, moody, emotional)
- openness to experience (curious, imaginative, creative)
- extraversion (talkative, sociable, passionate)

51
Q

4.3 - what taxonomies can be used to describe cultural values?

A

Hofstede’s taxonomy of cultural values includes:
- individualism vs collectivism
- masculinity vs femininity
- short-term vs long-term orientation
- uncertainty avoidance
- power distance
more recent research by project GLOBE has replicated many of those dimensions and added five other means to distinguish among cultures: gender egalitarianism, assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, and humane orientation.

52
Q

4.4 - what are the various types of cognitive ability?

A

cognitive abilities include:
- verbal ability
- quantitative ability
- reasoning ability
- spatial ability
- perceptual ability
general cognitive ability, or “g,” underlies all of those specific cognitive abilities.

53
Q

4.5 - what are the various types of emotional ability?

A

emotional intelligence includes four specific kinds of emotional skills:
- self-awareness
- other awareness
- emotion regulation
- use of emotions

54
Q

4.6 - what are the various types of physical ability?

A

physical abilities include:
- strength
- stamina
- flexibility and coordination
- psychomotor abilities
- sensory abilities

55
Q

4.7 - how do individual differences affect job performance and organizational commitment?

A

OB (7 decks)

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