CH4 Intellectual Disability & Developmental Disorder Flashcards
To be diagnosed with intellectual ability, individuals must show problems in at least _____ domain(s) of adaptive functioning? What are they?
At least 1 domain;
Conceptual skills–language, math, information, time
Social skills–interpersonal (eye contact), rules, friends
Practical skills–personal care, telephone, punctuality, using money
How is intellectual disability defined
Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning–as indicated by IQ and adaptive functioning scores (such as the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale DABS) less than 70–that manifest in early life
What was the name of Intellectual disability in the DSM-IV? What law preempted this name change in federal education, health and labor laws?
Mental retardation; Rosa’s law (2010)
How do clinicians indicate the severity of Intellectual Disability? What was the old standardWhat are the levels?
By level of adaptive functioning, formerly by IQ scores Mild (adaptive functioning scores 55-70) Moderate (40-55) Severe (25-40) Profound (<25)
What is the oldest professional organization devoted to the study of individuals with impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning? Rather than the DSM-5 categorizations of degree of impairment, it recommends that professionals describe the individual’s ____ across different areas of functioning.
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD); need for supports
When is a child diagnosed with Global Developmental Delay (GDD)? Children are usually diagnosed by age ____, identified by either _____ or by failing to reach _____
When the clinician suspects Intellectual ability but the child is less than 5 years old so an IQ test cannot be administered; 1 year; physical abnormalities; developmental milestones
What are the developmental milestones first shown at 12 months?
Walks but falls easily; first words; separation anxiety; drinks from a cup
About 4% of children with GDD have an identifiable genetic disorder that explains the delay. What are the most common? What standard test would expose them?
Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, Rett Syndrome; Chromosomal microarray (CMA)
About 25% of individuals with Intellectual Disability show _____, actions of such intensity, frequency, or duration that their own or others’ physical safety is jeopardized. What are the most common?
Challengies Behavior; stereotypies, self-injurious behaviors (SIBs; head banging, scratching), aggression
Why do individuals engage in stereotypies?
They are self-reinforcing, increasing pleasure or reducing anxiety
What are possible explanations for why individuals engage in self-injurious behaviors?
They serve a function (e.g. communication); hypersensitivity to dopamine; high levels of endogenous opioids or endorphins (high pain tolerance)
By definition, agressive acts are done _____ . What are the most common reasons for agression in individuals with Intellectual Disability?
Deliberately; to avoid or escape a task, assignment or chore
The term _____ refers to the presence of mental disorders among individuals with intellectual disability. _____ refers to the tendency of clinitions to attend to the features of Intellectual Disability rather than to the symptoms of coexisting mental disorders.
Dual diagnosis; diagnostic overshadowing
Why do some experts argue that the prevalence of Intellectual Disability is lower than 2.5% (percent with IQ two standard deviations below mean)?
Also requires deficits in adaptive functioning; IQ can fluctuate; reduced longevity
How does the prevalence of intellectual disability vary by age and gender?
most frequent in school-age children and adolescents (perhaps just more noticeable while in school); slightly more common in males (perhaps from greater susceptibility to X chromosome linked disorders
What is the organic/cultural-familial Intellectual Disability based on?
Whether the cause is known (organic) or unknown, but either could be due to environmental or genetic anomalies.
What is the similar sequence similar structure hypothesis? Is it supported?
Zigler’s (1969) suggestion that children with Intellectual Disability develop through the same sequence as normal children, just at a slower pace. Research on cultural-familial Intellectual Disability has supported it but that on organic Intellectual Disability has had mixed results, as such chidren often show characteristic strengths and weaknesses.
Instead of simply labeling individuals as having organic Intellectual Disability, researchers are interested in determining _____ to better understand that strengths and weaknesses associated with various disorders
behavioral phenotypes
