Ch4 Flashcards
anaerobic, ATP/PC, shot put, vertical jump, initial sec of a sprint
immediate energy source; maximal work, 1-5 sec
anaerobic, glycolysis(breakdown of CHO), glucose->2 pyruvic acid+2 ATP=
short term energy source; maximal work <2
aerobic; occurs in the mitochondria, muscle glycogen, glucose, plasma FFA;
long term energy source; >2 min ALL submaximal work
___ filament=- Actin (I band)
___ filament= Myosin (A band)
thin; thick
52% type I
33% type lla
13% type llx
muscle fiber distribution
__twitch fibers do not convert to slow twitch with training
Fast
Training increases
oxidative capacity by…
increasing mitochondrial number and capillary density
type llx can be converted to lla in response to ___ training
aerobic
increased capillary density to carry O2 to
mitochondria
fatigue resistant
ATP regenerated in the mitochondria
type l (SO or ST)
Has characteristics of both Type I and IIx (intermediate) Greater force produced (than Type I) – but also resists fatigue due to large number of mitochondria
type lla (FOG or FTa)
Primarily - anaerobic metabolism for
contraction (CP and glycolysis)
Highest force
Fatigue quickly
type llx (FG or FTb)
maximal rate at which oxygen can be
consumed/utilized during maximal physical work
VO2max
L/min
absolute
ml/kg/min
relative
Training - 5-25% increase (44% extreme interval training) Heredity can account for up to 40%. Gender and Age Altitude & VO2max - inverse relationship
factors that influence on VO2 max
calcium is stored in the ___ ___
sarcoplasmic reticulum
high calcium ion bond to troponin proteins changing shape so tropomyosin is out of way so myosin heads can crawl along thin actin filaments so muscle contraction/
calcium role in muscle contraction
low calcium tropopinin pulls tropomyosin heads means relaxation
calcium role with relaxation
- ATP split, forming high energy myosin
- cross bridge binding to actin
- energy release from myosin and cross bridge movement
- binding og atp dissociaes cross bridge from actin
single crossbridge cycle
membrane surrounding myofibril, and releases calcium into the sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum
slow oxidative fibers
type I fibers
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
type IIa fibers
fast glycolytic fibers
type IIx fibers
1membrane excitation
2.ca release
3.ca binds to troponin removing blocking action of tropomyosin
4.crossbridge movement
5.calcium uptake
6 removal of ca form troponin restores blocking action of tropomyosin
crossbridge
vo2 max measured near at the end of an incremental exercise protocol to fatigue and criteria includes:
plateu in vo2
rer> 1.1
HR within 10 b/min of estimated
maximal oxygen consumption
Vo2 max and Vo2 peak is that the latter is the highest value of running oxygen uptake attained in a high intensity test. Vo2 Max on the other hand is the maximum value beyond which no boost in effort can raise it
vo2 max vs vo2 peak
altitude and vo2 max have an ___ relationship
inverse
VCO2 production / VO2 consumption
respiratory exchange ratio
indicates fuel utilization of fats, cho , or both for a given condition
R = 0.7 predominately fat
R = 1.0 ~100% CH
RER or (R)
vo2= cardiac output x (a-V)O2 difference
variables affecting uptake of oxygen
= heart rate x stroke volume
cardiac output
stroke volume increases with training due to increase of volume of the ___
ventricle
maximal oxygen extraction is increased following training due to increases in..
capilary density and mitochondria number
volume of oxygen missing in the first few min of work is __ ___
oxygen deficit
work rate the blood lactate concentration suddenly increases
lactate threshold
= heart rate X systolic BP
rate pressure proudct
High CHO diet can increase muscle glycogen stores
Heavy training prior to ingesting CHO
Effects of Diet and Training on Fuel Utilization
