Ch.30 Flashcards
Scientific Management
A system of industrial management created and promoted in the early twentieth century by Frederick W. Taylor, emphasizing stopwatch efficiency to improve factory performance. The system gained immense popularity across the United States and Europe
Fordism
A system of assembly-line manufacturing and mass production named after Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company and developer of the Model T car.
Federal Radio Commission
The airwaves were becoming so crowded that the government in 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission (FRC, later FCC, Federal Communications Commission) to license broadcasters and assign them designated frequencies
nickelodeons
five-cent theaters
Birth of a Nation
glorified the Ku Klux Klan of Reconstruction days and defamed both blacks and Northern carpetbaggers.
Bruce Barton
a founder of advertising, prominent New York partner in a Madison Avenue firm, published a best seller, The Man Nobody Knows, setting forth the provocative thesis that Jesus Christ was the greatest adman of all time.
Jack Dempsey
knocked out the dapper French light heavyweight Georges Carpentier. The Jersey City crowd in attendance had paid more than a million dollars—the first in a series of million-dollar “gates” in the golden 1920s
Margaret Sanger
A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. In 1916, she established the first birth-control clinic in the United States and endured the first of many arrests for illegally distributing information about contraception.A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. In 1916, she established the first birth-control clinic in the United States and endured the first of many arrests for illegally distributing information about contraception.
Alice Paul’s National Woman’s party
began in 1923 to campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.
flappers
in bobbed tresses and dresses, hemlines elevated, stockings rolled, breasts taped flat, cheeks rouged, and lips a “crimson gash” that held a dangling cigarette.
United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
A black nationalist organization founded in 1914 by the Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey in order to promote resettlement of African Americans to their “African homeland” and to stimulate a vigorous separate black economy within the United States.
Marcus Garvey
The Jamaican-born Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to promote the resettlement of American blacks in their own “African homeland.” founded Black Star Line
What was Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, best known for?
Promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management
What were the first widespread commercial airplanes used for?
Mail delivery
Bolshevik Revolution
The second stage of the Russian Revolution in November 1917 when Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik party seized power and established a communist state. The first stage had occurred the previous February when more moderate revolutionaries overthrew the Russian czar.
red scare
A period of intense anticommunism. The “Palmer raids” of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer resulted in about six thousand deportations of people suspected of “subversive” activities.
criminal syndicalism laws
Passed by many states during the red scare, these nefarious laws outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change. Stump speakers for the International Workers of the World, or IWW, were special targets.
American plan
A business-oriented approach to worker relations popular among firms in the 1920s to defeat unionization. Managers sought to strengthen their communication with workers and to offer benefits like pensions and insurance. They insisted on an “open shop” in contrast to the mandatory union membership through the “closed shop” that many labor activists had demanded in the strike wave after World War I.
Immigration Act of 1924
Also known as the “National Origins Act,” this law established quotas for immigration to the United States. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply curtailed, while immigrants from Asia were shut out altogether.
cultural pluralists
Horace Kallen and John Dewey, reformers like Jane Addams, and intellectuals such as Randolph Bourne. They had long criticized the idea that an American “melting pot” would—or should—eliminate ethnic differences. In their vision the United States should provide a protective canopy for ethnic and racial groups to preserve their cultural uniqueness.
Eighteenth Amendment
This constitutional amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, ushering in the era known as prohibition.
Volstead Act
A federal act enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
Racketeers
People who obtain money illegally by fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence. Racketeers invaded the ranks of labor during the 1920s, a decade when gambling and gangsterism were prevalent in American life.
Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
Signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge, the act granted citizenship to all American Indians born in U.S. territory. The act, however, went short of extending the franchise to Indians, a milestone that would only be reached in 1962.
Lindbergh Law
making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.
John Dewey
set forth the principles of “learning by doing” that formed the foundation of so-called progressive education, with its greater “permissiveness.” He believed that the workbench was as essential as the blackboard and that “education for life” should be a primary goal of the teacher.
