ch.3 Egypt

Question 1

Palette of King Narmer (c.3000-2920 BCE)

Answer 1

• Predynastic Egypt
• greywake (hard gray stone)
• palettes were used to produce makeup
• 2’ 1”
• buried intentionally, probably displayed in a temple
• shows Narmers victory over lower Egypt
• first known subject in art

Question 2

Seated Scribe (c.2620-2500 BCE)

Answer 2

• Saqqara, Egypt
• Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
• made of painted limestone with gemmed eyes lined with copper
• 2ft 9in
• scribes knew how to write heiroglyphics and recorded information for the pharoah
• personalized naturalistic (not divine) for the dead
• located in a tomb near the pharoah (rich/important)
• his writing utensil was lost

Question 3

The Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx

Answer 3

• Giza, Egypt (near modern Cairo)
• Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
• limestone (carved into the landscape)
• 65ft tall
• Great Sphinx is in front of Khafre pyramid, has Khafre’s face
• Khufu is the largest
• Khafre has the surviving original top
• Menkaura is the smallest
• aligned with the stars
• temples to the pharoahs nearby

Question 4

King Menkaura and Queen

Answer 4

• found in Menkaura’s tomb
• Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
• 4ft 6in
• greywake (hard gray stone), originally painted
• very common type of statue (blocky, carved out of a large stone block, more difficult to break, eternal)
• standard image of the pharoah and wife (godlike, unrealistic)
• wide, eternal eyes

Question 5

Temple of Amun Re and Hypostle Hall

Answer 5

• Karnak (near Luxor, Egypt)
• New Kingdom, 18th and 19th dynasty
• sandstone and mud brick
• pylon - slanted wall (sunken reliefs)
• hypostle - columns holding the roof (reliefs)
• obelisk - stone pillar with pyramidal top
• columns look like papyrus plants (painted)
• made for Amun Res worship

Question 6

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut and her Statue

Answer 6

• near Luxor, Egypt
• New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
• most artifacts were destroyed by her stepson
• sandstone and red limestone (partially carved into a cliff, matches landscape)
• the statue is 8ft 6in
• statue looks like man (standard pharoah depiction)
• kneeling and holding two bowls/jars as offerings to the gods

Question 7

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and 3 daughters

Answer 7

• New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
• sunken relief on a limestone stele
• 12 in
• originally Amenhotep III changed name to Akhenaton for the god Aton
• Akhenaton first introduced monotheism
• Aton - sun god (only god)
• depicted a family scene, unusual for pharoahs
• Nefertiti was shown as important and ruled with her husband unlike queens before
• Androgynous
• the sun rays represent the god (giving life to Akhenaton and his wife)
• cobra represents divinity
• meant for private display in a home
• very different in art style and religion

Question 8

Innermost Coffin of Tutankhamun

Answer 8

• New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
• made of gold with enamel and embedded with semiprecious stones
• 6ft 1in
• only tomb found untouched by robbers
• there were coffins within other coffins
• 240 pounds of gold on the innermost
• the mummy wore a gold headdress with a cobra and vulture, representing divinity and a goddess

Question 9

Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer (page from the Book of the Dead)

Answer 9

• New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
• painted papyrus
• shows the afterlife
• custom made for Hu-Nefer, but the process was probably similar for every pharoah
• lighter skinned women
• told in registers
• Hu-Nefers heart is weighed against an ostrich feather to test his soul
• Ammit - devours the souls of the ones who do not pass the judgement (crocodile head, lion mane/torso/front legs, hippo back legs)
• Anubis - god of the dead
• Thoth - scribe of the underworld
• Ankh - symbol of eternal life
• Ma’at - woman on the scale, symbol of divinity and order
• Osiris - supreme god
• Horus - son of Osiris