ch.10 Rome part II

Question 1

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)

Answer 1

• Imperial Rome
• Rome, Italy
• stone, concrete (walls) and marble (seats)
• built by Vespian and Titus
• name from colossal Nero statue
• gladiators fought each other or animals
• basement underneath
• filled with sand
• seats by status
• barrel vault tunnels to reach seats
• supported by arches
• pilaster - top of the colosseum
• tuscan, ionic, and corinthian columns
• ended with Christianity and was looted

Question 2

Forum of Trajan

Answer 2

• Imperial Rome
• Rome, Italy
• brick and concrete (architecture); marble (columns)
• designed by Apollodorus of Damascus
• shops in the forums (similar to Greek agora)
• a hill was leveled to build the forum
• groin vault - 2 barrel vaults intersected

Question 3

Column of Trajan

Answer 3

• Imperial Rome
• Rome, Italy
• marble
• hollow
• military monument to Trajan
• covered in reliefs, used to be painted
• Trajan conquered the Dacians
• Trajan’s ashes are buried underneath
• bottom relief shows Trajan’s troops crossing the Danube river

Question 4

Basilica of Trajan

Answer 4

• basilica towards the back
• basilica was used to discuss judicial/political/civil matters
• basilica surrounded by apse
• libraries on both sides

Question 5

Pantheon

Answer 5

• Imperial Rome
• Rome, Italy
• concrete with stone facing, marble flooring and wall decor, bronze doors
• built by Hadrian
• temple of all the gods
• oculus - a spiritual connection and gave light
• well preserved due to it becoming a Christian church and good engineering
• corinthian columns, imported from Egypt
• three rows of columns
• perfect sphere
• geometrical decorations

Question 6

Augustus of Prima Porta

Answer 6

• Imperial Rome
• Augustus’s wife’s villa in Prima Porta
• marble
• Augustus was the heir of Julius Cesar
• Rome becomes an empire under Augustus
• idealized, unlike the realistic Republic
• power changes from families to emperors
• contrapposto, severe expression (Classical Greek)
• portrait
• dressed for battle
• breastplate shows the defeat of the Parthians
• the Parthians are shown handing the standard of war
• cornucopia at the bottom of breastplate
• cupid - his family, venus
• dolphin represents naval victory

Question 7

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

Answer 7

• Imperial Rome
• marble
• Egyptian influence
• owned by Ludovisi
• battle scene
• crowding
• no linear perspective, aerial perspective
• signifies social change
• fighting the goths
• deep relief
• center top man is emphasized
• romans are smoother and severe, goths are deeply carved and barbaric