ch.22 & 23 German Renaissance

Question 1

Entombment of Christ

Answer 1

• oil on wood
• Jacopo da Pontormo
• mannerism
• elegant, elongated impossible positons
• intense color, polished
• no background
• Mary is fainting, not holding Christ, different from previous depictions
• refers to older pieces, Jesus’s body is depicted like Michelangelo’s pieta
• between the cross and the tomb

Question 2

Adam and Eve

Answer 2

• engraving
• Albrecht Düer
• scratched into a metal plate
• invented for the printing press
• Germans didnt use full frontal nudity
• contrapposto
• proportion
• signed on the top left
• animals represent humors
• cat dosent chase the mouse, harmony of Eden

Question 3

Isenheim Altarpiece (general)

Answer 3

• oil on wood
• Matthias Grünewald
• Catholic
• French
• placed in a hospital, gives hope
• 3 layers
• predella - part under altarpiece

Question 4

Isenheim Altarpiece (closed)

Answer 4

• made for suffering
• cross is weighed down
• Lamentation in the predella
• left side - St. Sebastian, who was shot full of arrows and associated with plague
• when opened, Jesus’s arms and legs are severed, referencing amputation and ergotism
• right panel - St. Anthony, monastery saint, sickness and healing

Question 5

Isenheim Altarpiece (1st layer)

Answer 5

• light and hope
• left panel - annunciation
• middle left - prayer
• middle right - Madonna and child
• right panel - resurrection
• contrast of light and dark

Question 6

Allegory of Law and Grace

Answer 6

• woodcut and letterpress
• Lucas Cranach the Elder
• Lutheran
• printed and mass produced
• propaganda for Lutherans
• framed by a narrative
• Left side:
   - Catholic side
   - Last Judgement
   - Adam and Eve sinning
• Right side:
   - Protestant side
   - salvation, Resurrection, defeated the devil
   - Mary's conception (embryo Jesus)

Question 7

Hunters in the Snow

Answer 7

• Flemish
• oil on wood
• Pieter Brugel the Elder
• known for landscapes and regular people
• part of a series with 6 pieces showing labors of the seasons
• winter scene
• hunters with scarce food (hardship) compared to skaters (fun)
• impossible mountains (alps) in Flanders, a low country (buildings)

Question 8

Venus of Urbino

Answer 8

• Venice, Italy
• oil on canvas
• Titian
• painted for a duke in Urbino
• deep color
• multiple layers
• nude women and dogs
• Venetian prostitude
• not necessarily Venus
• woman is getting dressed by the two maids
• dog represents fidelity