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GCSE Chemistry > Ch3 Chemical bonding > Flashcards

Ch3 Chemical bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemical bonding

A

Attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances involving two or more atoms

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2
Q

What does ionic bonding occurs between

A

Metal and a non-metal

G1,2&3 - G6&7

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3
Q

What are the three ways we can test for ionic compounds

A
  • Solubility.
  • Melting point
  • Electrical conductivity
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4
Q

Define an ionic bond

A

-Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions involving a metal and a non-metal

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5
Q

What are some examples of ionic compounds and their uses

A

Sodium fluoride prevents tooth decay

Silver halides are used in photographic film

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6
Q

What structure do Ionic compounds form

A

Giant structures

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7
Q

Define covalent bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between the shared pair of electrons (negative) and the nuclei (positive) on either side

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8
Q

What do covalent bonds occur between

A

Two non metals

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9
Q

Are covalent bonds solid liquid or gases

A

All three

E.g. graphite, water and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Can covalent bonds conduct electricity

A

No because they share electrons so they can’t move

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11
Q

What are the three types of covalent bonds

A
  • Single covalent bond where each atom she has one electron e.g. HCl
  • Double bonds where each atom shares two electrons e.g. O
  • triple bonds where each atom shares three electrons Eg N

When Atoms bond covalently, they tend to do so in a way that forms the maximum number

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12
Q

There are two types of covalent compounds, what are they

A
  • Simple structure

- Giant covalent lattice

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13
Q

Describe a simple molecular structure

A
  • Consists of simple molecules (two or more atoms bonded together) which are attracted together through INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
  • tends to be liquids and gases and have low melting points because of the weak bonds
  • Do not conduct electricity
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14
Q

Describe giant covalent structures

A
  • Mainly solids, crystalline and hard
  • No intermolecular forces in compound (exception: graphite) only strong covalent bonds
  • Result is high melting point, high boiling point
  • Do not conduct electricity
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15
Q

Explain about the electrons in graphite

A

The fourth electron falls between the layers meaning it can conduct electricity because it is delocalised and free

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16
Q

Between what does metallic bonding occur

A

Metals

G1,2,3& transition metals

17
Q

Explain what happens during metallic bonding

A
  • The metal atom loses outer shell electrons to form positive metal ion
  • Electrons are delocalised into the space between the positive metal ion is common known as’ sea of delocalised electrons’
  • Delocalised electrons are free to move so they can conduct electricity and heat
  • Metallic bonds is the electrostatic attraction between the negative sea of delocalised electrons and the positive metal ion
18
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of two or more metals
E.g. brass = copper +zinc
-Steel = iron + zinc +!carbon

19
Q

What are the physical properties of metallic bonding

A
  • Conduct electricity and heat
  • Have high melting and boiling points
  • Hard and dense
  • Malleable (can be hammered into shape)
  • ductile (can be drawn out in wires
20
Q

Finish the sentence

In ionic bonding, the higher the number of charges (+, 2+,3+,4+…)…

A

The stronger the attractions

21
Q

What are the physical properties of ionic compounds

A
  • The consequence is bonding is very strong which results in:
    • hard crystalline solid’s e.g. salts
    • high melting points
    • conduction Malton, conducting a solution, does not conduct when solid
22
Q

What are the properties of compounds with giant ionic structures

A
  • Made of crystals
  • Usually have high melting points
  • Often soluble in water
  • Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water, but not when solid
23
Q

What are intermolecular forces

A

Without them, nothing could hold together as a solid or a liquid.
They vary in strengths, but not as strong as covalent or ionic bonds

24
Q

When something melts or boils, what is being broken?

A

The intermolecular forces-Not covalent bonds

GCSE Chemistry (8 decks)

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