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STRESS & COPING > CH.3 > Flashcards

CH.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The Somatic Nervous System

A

innervates (i.e., supplies nerves to) the voluntary muscles of the body (i.e., the striated muscles like the biceps, quadriceps, etc.).

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

innervates the organ systems of the body, the viscera.

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3
Q

The Sympathetic Branch

A

of the ANS is what we most closely associate with the “fight-or-flight” reaction, LUMBAR THORASIC SPINE

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4
Q

The Parasympathetic Branch

A

associated with relaxation and restoration responses, - CRANIAL AND SACRAL

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5
Q

CNS

A
  1. Brain stem
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Diencephalon
  4. Cerebral hemispheres
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6
Q

Brain stem

A

MEDULA, PONS, MIDBRAIN

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Distinct area

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8
Q

Diencephalon

A

(i.e., the “between brain”) THALAMUS, HYPOTHALMUS

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9
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

NEO CORTEX

-CEREBRAL CORTEX (GREY MATTER)

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10
Q

Reticular Formation

A

(consisting of nuclei) and the limbic system (hypothalamus and parts of the cerebral hemispheres.) are intimately tied with F OR F

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11
Q

Parallel Distributed Processing

A

bidirectional- the brain has more than one functional region or pathway to achieve its ends.

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12
Q

Brain Stem

A

heart and restoration

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13
Q

Medulla

A

increasing heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure after perceived potential threat.

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14
Q

Pons

A

bridge, transmits info to cerebellum (motor movement)

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15
Q

Midbrain controls

A

coordinates sensory and motor activities auditory - visual systems and voluntary movement.

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

regulating motor movement, alleviate stress “feel good” NT

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17
Q

Thalamus

A

GATE KEEPER: sensory relay station to higher cortical regions associated with consciousness

18
Q

Sensory Projection System

A

the circuit from a sense organ moving through the thalamus to its specific region in the neocortex responsible for the experience of sensation.

19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

region of the diencephalon that exerts control over fight- or-flight activities, fear and anger states, and a host of other functions.

20
Q

Hypothalamus cont.

A
  1. Direct control over f of – indirect control over its connection to the master gland, the pituitary, to stimulate the endocrine system to
  2. primary emotional arousal states of fear linked to flight and anger linked to fight
  3. responsible for homeostatic reaction of ANS, motivates us to eat and drink, core temp, rate of metabolism, 24 hour bioregulation process, skeletal posture
21
Q

Amygdala

A

: region of the cerebral hemispheres and part of the limbic system responsible for mediating emotional responses, particularly fear and anxiety.
*Stores memories, which stimuli should be approached and which to avoid

22
Q

Hippocampus

A

region of the cerebral hemispheres involved in encoding declarative memories (long term). Helps determine appraisal and sends to amygdala is fear response should be evoked

23
Q

RF plays an important role

A
  • transmits arousal signals regarding stressful stimuli upward to the diencephalon and higher cortical areas
  • sends signals downward into the brain stem, viscera, and skeletal muscular system to activate the fight-or-flight response ie. as the one you had in response to the bang sound.
24
Q

Limbic System

A

brain’s neural circuit for emotion - hippocampus,
thalamus
parts of the hypothalamus, the amygdala
-prefrontal cortex
- other structures such as the cingulated gyrus.

25
Q

Efferent

A

brain to periphery

26
Q

Afferent

A

periphery to brain

27
Q

Norepinephrine

A

noradrenaline, is a catecholamine hormone AND neurotransmitter that excites the fight-or-flight systems.
TARGETS VISCERA

28
Q

Catecholamines

A

hormones made by your adrenal glands
which are located on top of your kidneys
- released into blood when stressed

29
Q

Preganglionic neurons

A

neurons that arise from the central nervous system and supply the ganglia

30
Q

Postganglionic neurons

A

neurons that arise from the ganglia and supply the tissues

31
Q

Ganglion

A

nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve. ie basal ganglia

32
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

covering the corpus callosum processing emotions and behavior regulation.

33
Q

Viscera

A

consists of the organs, the ducts and glands, the smooth muscles

34
Q

Endocrine system

A

organs and glands that secrete hormones into our bloodstream that act as biochemical messengers to their respective target cells and organs.

35
Q

Thyroxine

A

strong hormone that can, with time and sufficient concentration levels, double basal metabolic rate

36
Q

Thyroxine and Stress

A
  • nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, increased heart rate,

- under chronic stress have difficulty returning to baseline levels once they leave a stressful environment.

37
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

a psychological disorder stemming from a reaction to traumatic stressors

38
Q

PTSD symptoms

RANA

A
  1. characterized by persistently re-experiencing the traumatic event
  2. avoiding stimuli correlated with the event
  3. experiencing a general response numbing,
  4. having persistent increased arousal
39
Q

PTSD and physiology

A
  • brain’s limbic system is the area most affected
  • amygdala appears to overreact
  • hippocampus under react - problems with memory, fear, anger, and hyperarousal
40
Q

Post-traumatic growth

A

positive response to trauma usually characterized by strengthening of relationships and development of more positive self and world views.
compassion, altruism, gratitude

41
Q

Positive illusions

A

(1) excessively positive self-appraisals;
(2) the belief that one has greater control over events than it is actually the case;
(3) more rosy views of the future than statistics can warrant.

42
Q

Effects of Positive illusions

A

may give a person a greater sense of control to cope with the negative impact of the trauma and may be adaptive short term but not result in actual growth.

STRESS & COPING (4 decks)

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